【作者】 王发良；

【导师】 白硕；

【作者基本信息】 西南农业大学 ， 农业经济管理， 2005， 硕士

【摘要】 随着市场竞争的不断加剧和信息传递速度的加快,使得一项新技术获得竞争优势的时间越来越短,技术的垄断时间已由过去几年甚至几十年缩短到目前的几个月甚至几天,也就是说一家企业通过创新获得新技术在很短的时间内就会被别人模仿或超越,这样就使得仅仅通过技术创新来降低价格,再利用价格战来获得竞争优势的传统思维方式已经不合时宜。面对这样一种市场状态,人们逐渐意识到物流的重要性,甚至把物流放在和生产、营销同等位置来考虑,通过改进物流体系,提高物流运作的效率,加快对市场的响应速度,准确把握市场动态,及时生产出满足市场需求的产品,并通过高效率的物流运转体系,在第一时间把产品传递给消费者,提高消费者在消费产品过程中所获得的满意度。 本文主要定位于宏观物流,通过对美国、日本和德国等发达国家的物流现状以及我国物流的现状进行研究,从中找出我国物流发展中存在的问题并借鉴发达国家发展物流的成功经验,最后为我国物流的发展提出一些建议和意见。 通过实证的分析方法,运用一系列数据对欧美等发达国家物流发展的状况进行分析,找出欧美等物流发达的国家在发展物流方面的成功经验,以便为我国物流的发展提供一个借鉴。 接下来运用实证和类比的分析方法对我国的物流现状进行分析,了解到:近几年,由于各方面的重视,我国物流的发展已取得了不菲的成绩,但从与发达国家的物流进行对比中,发现我国物流在发展过程中主要存在以下几个方面的问题: (1)我国仍然没有把物流作为一个产业来发展。表现在三个方面:A、仍然没有形成健全的物流政策;B、与物流相关的活动由不同的部门分管,没有把物流活动作为一个整体来规划;C、大流通物流仍然没有建立。主要原因是地方分割,部门分割,各自为政,思想观念陈旧、重视物流发展的时间不长、经验不足等。 (2)物流基础设施落后。表现在社会物流基础设施落后和物流企业内部设施落后两个方面。造成这一现象的原因有以下几个方面:A、国家在道路建设上投入的资金不足;B、在物流基础设施的建设中,投资主体单一,投资渠道不广;C、在道路建设中,民间资本很难进入。 (3)我国第三方物流需求严重不足。第三方物流需求的不足表现在三个方面:A、我国第三方物流需求在数量上不足;B、我国第三方物流需求的层次比较低;C、我国第三方物流的需求量在地区之间表现出明显的不平衡。 造成我国第三方物流需求不足的主要原因有:A、长期受“大而全、小而全”传统观念的束缚;B、我国第三方物流企业为客户服务的意识不强;C、我国企业之间的信用体系仍然没有建立或健全;D、第三方物流企业规模普遍比较小;E、服务内容不明确;F、地区之间经济发展不平衡。 (4)我国物流企业自身存在问题。主要表现在以下4个方面:A、服务水平欠佳,落后于市场需求;B、系统规模弱小,缺乏网络支持;C、技术设施薄弱;D、体制结构僵化。更多还原

【Abstract】 With the competitions of the market becoming devastating continuously and the speed of delivering information getting faster and faster, the time of a new technique with the competitive advantage become more and more short. Now the time of controlling the technical knowledge has already been from past several years, several decades shorten to a few months even several days, and it is to say that the other people will mimic and overstep the new technique which a business enterprise acquires through innovation in very short time. It makes the traditional method which acquires the competitive advantage of lowering price only through the technique innovation has already been unpopular. Facing the kind of market appearance like that, people has been aware of the importance of the logistics gradually, even put the logistics with the producing, marketing at equal position to consider now. Passing to improve the logistics system, increase the efficiency of the logistics operation, respond to the market quickly, produce product that meet the consumers on time, they deliver the product to consumers in time, and acquire the consumers’ approval in the product consuming process.This text mainly fixes on the macroscopic logistics, seldom involves logistics of the business enterprise. We learn the experience of the developed nations such as the United States、 Japan and Germany to find out the problems of our country in the logistics development, and finally, we put forward some suggestions for our country s logistics development.On the base of the substantial evidence, we analysis the logistical development of the American and some European developed-countries, and find out their successful experience in order to provide some lessons for our country logistical development.Then the test makes use of the substantial evidence method and comparison method to analysis the present logistical condition of our country, and acquires that in the last few years, the logistics developing of our country has obtained some good scores because of every departments’ value, but several problems exists in the process compared to some developed countries. Such as follows:(1)Our country still did not develop the logistics as an industry. It mainly expresses in the follow three aspects: A、we still have not had sound policy of logistics; B、different sections take careof the activity related with logistics, and we did not program the logistics activities as a whole; C n whole circulating logistics has still not been established. The main reasons are the area partitions, section partitions ^ politic for oneself the old ideas, short time of valuing the logistics development and the experience shortage etc.(2)The logistical foundation facilities fall behind which is expressed in the two aspects ,that is ,the internal logistical facilities in business enterprise and society fall behind. The reasons resulting this the phenomenal are such as bellows :A, The roads are in the shortage of funds; B^ In the construction of logistical foundation facilities, investment corpus are not varied, and the investment outlet is not wide; CU In road developments, the folks capital can hardly enter.(3)The demanding of logistic in the third in our country is serious in shortage. Its expresses in the three aspects: A> The requiring of the square logistics in the third in our country is in shortage on the quantity; B^ The demanding level is lower; C> The demanding is obvious unbalanced in the different regions.The main reasons include.A.Our thought is tied by the traditional ideas " big and alh small and all" over a long period of time;B.The service consciousness for customer is not strong in the third logistical business of our country;C.The reputation system of the our country business enterprise still do not establish or sound;D.The square logistic in the third business enterprise scale is smaller;E.The service content is not clear and definite;F.Economic development is unbalance in different regions.(4) The logistical enterprises in our country themselves exsit some problems.lt Expresses primarily in four aspects as follows:The first, service level is not quite right, and it is in arrear of the market need;The second, system scale is small and weak, lacking the network support;The third,the technical facilities is backward;The forth, system construction comes to a deadlock.(5)The logistical information of our country exists problems. It expressed primarily at the macro view and tiny view: 1, From the macro view, the related section in government exist problems in logistical information shifting process, for example: The develop policy of logistics information has not combined enough with the region logistical industry and actual economic circumstances in the region, and the logistic-information shifting developments practice is not enough, etc; 2> From the tiny view, the logistical enterprise itself exists problems in the information process, for example :A, Many enterprises do not determine the target at the base of the reality, the ideal falls with the actuality; Bahe programming is not planning carefully before business information shifting. C, Put the high value on the things and low value on the people with talent. The personnel’s character can’t follow with the information technique application. D, The logistical information cost is not controlled properly. E^he value which the logistical enterprise put in the information is not enough.(6)The level of standardizing the logistical industry is low in our country. One is that thestandardizing level of the equipments in the logistical industry is low; another is that the standard is not aooptCu by tiic cntci’prisss. it a ciiticai aim is luc proCiCrri tiiut fiiiist &- scivcu tor trie ruiticn to unify the logistical standard.(7)The talented persons of the logistic are serious missing, especially high class, this is also one of the "bottlenecks" to condition the logistic development in our country.(8)The whole programming of the logistical pack area is not careful in our country. In the process of development to the logistical park area, it exists six problems as below: A.^ The construction is blindly, lacking the careful and attentive program; D> Put the high view on the ground, and low view on the logistic; C, Put the high view on" hard" and " form’\ low view on tiie " soft" and " being"; D> There are many with" and" effect, lacking "multiplication" effect; E> it is hard for excellent advancement because of lacking the coordination; F? The mutual comparing causes people consider the big scale and maturity as the target. The main reason of the most is that people do not study on the district logistic deeply, so they pursue in Ihc scale blindly, even take the grasping construction of the logistical park areas as an engineering achieved.Finally, the test aiming at the problems of the logistics develops in our country, passing the analysis method of the norm, drawing lessons from logistics prosper successful experience of nation at develop logistics, put forward suggestions and opinions as below:(l)Develop the logistic as an industry.(2)Quicken the developments of the logistical foundation facilities.(3)Grow the market need of the square logistic in the third.(4) The logistical enterprises in our country should improve themselves.(5)Enhance the logistical information shifting developments.(6)Push forward the logistic standardize progress.(7)Enhance the training of the talented person majored in the logistical profession, and perfect the application mechanism of the logistical talented person.(8)Choose a batch of logistic enterprises to c!o some research on the logistical modernization.更多还原