【作者】 黎藜；

【导师】 司有和；

【作者基本信息】 重庆大学 ， 产业经济学， 2005， 硕士

【摘要】 专利技术在企业的经营、管理中的作用,已经为越来越多的企业管理者所认可。因此企业的专利技术管理工作成了企业管理工作的重要组织部分。在专利技术管理工作中“专利商品估价”工作是必不可少的。但是,在现实的专利技术商品估价中却存在许多困难和问题,严重制约着我国专利商品贸易的发展,甚至导致我国国有无形资产的严重流失。本文首先分析了专利技术商品价格的形成与影响因素,认为“专利技术商品价格的形成规律不同于一般商品价格的形成规律”,“专利技术价格与成本不直接相关”,得出“技术所能带来的效益是专利技术商品价格形成的基础”的结论并从影响专利技术商品供方估价、需方估价和供需双方估价等三个方面进行分析,认为影响因素有:研发成本、成熟程度、复杂程度,专利技术商品的风险、买方掌握的相关信息量,转让权限、市场供求状况、价款的支付方式、技术商品的经济效益等。本文其次分析了重置成本法、市场定价法和收益现值法的局限性认为: 重置成本法在应用中要求满足两个条件,即:估价对象的成本投入可以准确地识别与计量,估价对象使用后产生的效益明显与成本成正相关。这两个条件在评估专利技术产品的价格并不可行。市场定价法从理论上是行得通的,在实际应用中,由于技术产品的唯一性特征,没有可比性,公平交易的假设难以满足,谈判过程的复杂性,最后的成交价格往往不一定反映技术产品的真实价值,所以采用市场法估价技术产品可操作性比较差。收益现值法很难准确地确定三大要素(利润分享的收益分成率K、专利技术使用年限内某一年买方的预期收益R、专利技术的有效使用年限n),要区分企业收益中哪些是由专利技术带来的,哪些是由其他资产产生的同样比较困难。本文在详细分析了现有估价方法的局限性的基础上,预见了专利技术商品估价方法的发展趋势,并构建了期权定价成交模型、信息不对称条件下的博弈法、拍卖法和讨价还价对专利技术商品估价的新方法。本文运用期权价格理论建立了一个科学的成交价格模型。长期以来,在专利技术估价研究中买方定价的研究较多,卖方定价研究的少,而买卖双方成交价格模型的研究尚未见报道,本文的结果填补了这一空缺。本文还提出了在不对称信息条件下根据专利技术商品的平均经济效益对专利技术商品进行估价的方法。该方法从专利技术买卖双方具有“相同偏好、只有两种经济效益”、“相同偏好、经济效益呈连续分布”、“专利技术的买方对专利技更多还原

【Abstract】 More and more enterprise governors have already paid attention to the function of patent technique in the management of business enterprise. So the management of the patent technocracy is an important part of the business enterprise administration. "The patent merchandise quotation" is an essential to the management of patent technocracy work. But, the actuality of many difficulties and problem is in the evaluation of the patent technique merchandise. That is serious check the development of our country patent merchandise trade, even causing state-owned immaterial assets of our country run off seriously. At first, the text analyzed the formation and the influence factors of the patent technique merchandise price. Thinks "the formation regulation of the patent technique merchandise price differs from that of the general merchandise price"," the patent technique price and costs are not direct related", gets the conclusion of" the benefit that technique can bring is the foundation of the patent technique merchandise price formation" and analysis the factors of the valuation of the valuation the buyer of the patent technique merchandise, the provide of the patent technique merchandise ,the provide and the buyer of the patent technique merchandise .The factors are develop the cost, mature degree, complicated degree, the risk of the patent technique merchandise, the related information quantity that buyer control, turn to let the legal power, market supply condition, payment pay economic performance etc. The text analyzes the limits of the replacement cost method, the market list price method and the income current value methods, thinks the replacement cost method requests to satisfy two conditions in the application, they are the cost of the object can identify and calculate accurately and the arise benefits of the object in using is obviously positive related to the cost. The two conditions are not feasible to the evaluation of the patent merchandises price. The market list price method is something to can be carried out in the theories, in actual application, because of the unique characteristic of the technique product, un-compare with others, the assumption of the fair deal is hard to satisfy, the complexity of the negotiation process, the finally price is not certain to reflect the true evaluation price of the patent technique merchandises. So the operability of the adoption the market method quotation technique product maneuverability is worse. The income current value method is very difficult to accurately certain the three main factors, the K that the rate of the income sharing, the R of the expectation income of the buyer in a certain year within limit of the patent technique usage time, the n of the valid usage time limit of technical patent. It is the more difficult to distinguish the income of bringing by the patent technique with the income of being to be are output by other properties in business enterprise. This text detailed analyzes the limit of the existing quotation methods, foreseeing the development trend of the patent technique merchandise evaluation method and sets up the new evaluation methods of the patent technique merchandise of the option list price clinch a deal model, the game that is under the information dissymmetry condition, the auction off ,haggle over the price. This text builds up a science of the clinch deal price model by using option price theories .For long time, the research that buyer priced is more in the patent technique quotation and the selling party list price study little, but business the both parties clinch a deal the research of the price model didn’t appear in newspaper yet. Textual as a result filled up the empty and lack. The text still puts forward to carry on the method of the quotation to the patent technique merchandise according to the average and economic performance of the patent technique merchandise under the condition of the dissymmetry information. The method is from the both parties of the patent technique business have" the same hobby, only two kinds of economic performances", " The same hobby, economic performance presents to distribute continuously", "The valuation of the patent technical buyer is high to that of selling party"," The reasons of the selling party of the patent technique merchandise turn to the technical are dissimilar ",analyzed the four kinds of circumstances, carried on the list price study to each circumstance. And make use of that method also to nicely explain the more high and economic performance patent technique merchandise to put off and the reason of the initiative of the development of the patent technique merchandise. At the same time, expressed we must reduce the possibility of the information dissymmetry of the information market both parties’ to enlarge valid of the trade quantity of the information market patent technique merchandise. Making use of the auctions off provides the quotation reference information for the both parties of the patent technique merchandise business. The text compared the behavior of the business both parties’ market trades on the patent technique commodity market with the both parties auction model in the gametheory, thought they are the most close. The further given the demonstrability of the auction off being used in the market of the patent technique merchandise and given out the auctioning off quotation model. The using of the haggle over price model to analysis the end quotation of the patent technique merchandise make end quotation process clear to understand and haggled the zone to carry on to come close the actual modification originally possessed.更多还原