【作者】 李明；

【导师】 彭绪亚；

【作者基本信息】 重庆大学 ， 环境工程， 2005， 硕士

【摘要】 城市生活垃圾问题已成为困扰全球各国城市发展的焦点与难点。堆肥是符合可持续发展战略的城市生活垃圾处理方法。我国南方城市垃圾含水率比较高,在好氧堆肥的过程中会产生大量的渗滤液,渗滤液中富含有从垃圾堆体中沥滤下来的大量可降解垃圾中有机物的微生物。如果能够对这些微生物加以利用,将其人工培养增殖后,再添加到垃圾体中,势必可以加快堆肥化过程,提高垃圾降解效率,并改善堆肥品质。重庆大学国家“十五”攻关课题组针对西部地区中小城镇技术经济不发达的现状,根据垃圾堆肥微生物内在规律和生态学的有关原理,提出了基于垃圾渗出液循环接种强化的高效垃圾堆肥方法。结合此课题,本论文研究以重庆市生活垃圾为试验原料,重点研究了以下几个方面的内容:①菌剂(经循环培养的垃圾渗出液)的添加对堆肥过程(温度、纤维素酶活性、氨氮、碳氮比)的影响。②接种菌剂对纤维素降解的影响以及氮素形态转化随时间的变化特征。通过两次对比试验,得到如下结论:①添加菌剂对城市生活垃圾堆肥化的堆温影响比添加组合液和蒸馏水的两组明显。菌剂的添加有利于延长高温期持续时间,可将堆肥一次发酵时间缩短1～2 天,堆肥腐熟时间缩短4～5 天。②采用连续通风的垃圾渗出液循环接种强化堆肥技术的接种组堆体pH 值稳定在7.0 左右,耗氧速率比添加蒸馏水的对照组高出20～50%,这两点保证接种组垃圾体纤维素酶的活性峰值比对照组高出26%,并维持较长的时间。接种组挥发份含量比对照组低2%,这说明接种菌剂确实能改进堆肥化进程中纤维素的降解。③各种形态氮素(凯氏氮、有机氮、硝态氮和氨氮)的转化情况表明垃圾中接种经循环培养的渗滤液后,微生物活性得以提高,但对接种后氮素损失的问题需作进一步研究。更多还原

【Abstract】 The problem of municipal solid waste management （MSW） and disposal hasbecome the focus and difficulty over the world. Composting of MSW is one methodthat accords with strategy of sustainable development.The moisture content of MSW in south China is enormously high. During aerobiccomposting, large quantity of leachate comes into being. Lots of experimentalinvestigations indicate that the community and construction of microorganism in rawrefuse and rubbish leachate are comprehensive. Some of these home-grownmicroorganisms have strong degradation ability for organic substances, but because ofdefective nutrition of the compost materials and the furious fluctuation of theenvironment along with the course of composting, these kinds of microorganisms cannot hold predominance in number and activity. If we take effective measures to makethese microorganisms accumulated and inoculated into the refuse compost materials,the decomposition ability of the composting course for cellulose and other organicsubstances difficult to be degraded will be improved, the content of humic substances inmaterials will be increased and the stabilization of compost materials will beaccelerated.On the ground of broadly collecting research data at home and abroad, andcompleting a lot of research work of prior stage, the Chongqing university projectresearch group for “Fifteen Task”tackling key problem follows the inherent law ofmicroorganism in refuse compost and the related principle of ecology and puts forwardthe simple and highly active refuse composting method —Intensified MSWComposting with Leachate Recirculated Inoculation, which aims at the underdevelopedstatus of technology and economy in china’s western small cities.Combing this task, and using Chongqing district refuse, this article focuses on twomain researches as followings:①The parameters （temperature, cellulase, NH₄⁺ -N, C:N ratio） variety due to thefunction of Leachate Recirculated Inoculation added into refuse.②The effect of Leachate Recirculated Inoculation to cellulose decomposition andnitrogen translation in MSW.On the basis of two experiments carried out, the conclusions are drawn asfollowings:①As far as temperature in three different MSW composting is concerned, thegroup caught through with Leachate Recirculated Inoculation is more effective than therest, and the intervals of first-stage fermentation and composting period are shortened to1～2d、4～5d, respectively. ②It is the stable pH and high level Oxygen Usage Ratio that made the cellulasekeep high level and long time. Volatile solid in macro picture showed the availableability of microbial inoculum to cellulose decomposition. ③The variation of all kind of nitrogen showed that the activity of microorganismmaintained higher level in the group added with microbial inoculum than in the groupwith distilled water. But further research remains to be done to resolve the problem ofnitrogen loss.更多还原