【作者】 齐艳领；

【导师】 郭立稳； 张锦瑞；

【作者基本信息】 河北理工大学 ， 安全技术及工程， 2005， 硕士

【摘要】 随着煤炭的大量开采,塌陷区逐渐增多,严重地破坏了矿区生态结构,影响了矿区及周边地区人们的生活。虽有部分塌陷区已经进行复垦,但是并未达到比较令人满意的安全状态,在这样的情况下,如何对采煤塌陷区进行生态安全评价显得尤为重要。目前,生态安全的评价还没有比较成熟的理论与方法,在吸收国内外生态安全综合评价相关研究的基础之上,对采煤塌陷区生态安全综合评价方法及实例进行了探索与研究。总结了国内外生态安全评价研究的现状及趋势;概括了生态安全的定义(指系统能够满足人类健康生存及可持续发展的一种稳定状态(除了军事原因));阐明了生态安全的特点及生态安全评价的作用;探讨了采煤塌陷区生态安全评价的研究目的、意义以及研究内容;简单说明了采煤塌陷区的构成;分析了采煤塌陷对区域生态安全的影响。根据压力-状态-影响PSR(Pressure-State-Response)概念模型构建了采煤塌陷区生态安全评价指标体系,选用两大指标包括自然环境与社会环境;建立了采煤塌陷区的生态指标等级,将各指标分为五个等级;引入了线性加权综合评价方法和未确知测度评价模型这两种方法。采用层次分析方法确定生态安全评价指标的权重;用线性加权综合方法和未确知测度评价模型对唐山南部采煤塌陷区进行了生态安全综合评价,通过对唐山南部采煤塌陷区的生态安全综合评价,结果表明:1)这两种评价方法适合小区域的生态安全评价,两种评价方法的评价结果具有一致性。2)唐山南部采煤塌陷区2003 年处于Ⅱ级生态安全状况,而1992 年和1997 年处于Ⅳ级生态安全状况,主要原因是自从1997 年唐山市政府加大了对南部采煤塌陷区的治理。更多还原

【Abstract】 With the generous exploitation of the coal, the gradual increase in the subsiding areahas destroyed the ecological structure of mining area seriously, and influenced the life ofthe mining area and surrounding area people. Although some subsiding areas have alreadybeen reclaimed, still it has not reached a more satisfactory security state. In such cases,how to carry on ecological safety evaluation in the subsiding mining area seemsparticularly important. At present, the ecological safety appraisal theory and method arenot riper yet. On the basis of absorbing the domestic and international relevant research incomprehensive appraisal of ecological safety, the safe comprehensive appraisal method ofthe ecology of subsiding areas and instance have been explored and studied in this text.This text has summarized the current situation and the trend studied in domestic andinternational ecological safety evaluation, summarized the ecological safety definition(means that the system can meet a kind of stable state (except military reasons) survivingand sustainable development of the human health), expounded the ecological safetycharacteristics and the function of ecological safety evaluation, probed into the researchpurpose, the meaning and the research contents of ecological safety evaluation of subsidingarea of mining, explained and mined the composition of the subsiding areas briefly, andanalyzed the influence of mining collapses on ecological safety of the area.According to the pressure-state-influence i.e. PSR (Pressure-State-Response)conceptual model, it has structured the safety evaluation index system of the ecology insubsiding areas, selecting two major indexes including natural environment and socialenvironment for use, set up the ecological grade of index of the subside area of mining,dividing every index into five grades, and introduced the linear comprehensive appraisalmethod of weighting and not-really-known estimating and appraising model these twokinds of methods.Adopting the analytical method of the level to confirm the weight of the safetyevaluation index of the ecology, we have carried on the safe comprehensive appraisal ofthe ecology in Tangshan south subsiding areas with linear weighting comprehensivemethod and the not-really-known estimating and appraising model, and through the safetycomprehensive appraisal of ecology of the subsiding areas in the south of Tangshan, theresult has indicated that 1) these two kinds of appraisal methods are suitable for theecological safety evaluation of the small area and the appraisal results of two kinds ofappraisal methods have consistency. 2) Tangshan south mine subsiding areas was in ⅡGrade ecology safe state in 2003, while in ⅣGrade ecology safe state in 1992 and 1997,the main reason is that the government of Tangshan strengthened the administration of thesubside area of mining to the south since 1997.更多还原