【作者】 牛红云；

【导师】 胡宝忠；

【作者基本信息】 东北农业大学 ， 植物学， 2005， 硕士

【摘要】 安祖花(Anthurium andraeanum Lind )是国际上非常流行并深受人们欢迎的一种高档切花材料与盆栽品种,随着插花艺术的发展,安祖花一跃成为插花业的“耀眼新星”,与世界四大切花品种一样,跻身于国际花卉市场,是第二大热带花卉,所以研究和开发这一花卉对满足国内花卉市场需求及出口创汇具有重要意义。本文利用石蜡切片技术与电子显微镜技术对安祖花的繁殖器官发育过程和结构进行研究,从花发育的角度探讨其败育原因;建立了安祖花组织培养再生体系并利用RAPD 技术对八个品系的安祖花的亲缘关系进行鉴定。结果如下: 花发育的研究表明,安祖花的花芽分化是以一叶芽一花芽的方式进行;小孢子与雄配子体的发育过程均属于正常发育,花药壁的发育属于基本型,绒毡层细胞属于腺质绒毡层,成熟的花粉粒为2-细胞型。安祖花的雌蕊是由2 心皮组成,胚珠为直生胚珠,双珠被,77%珠心细胞在胞原细胞形成之前停止发育,并且逐渐解体消失,23%珠心细胞发生萎缩,导致雌蕊败育。安祖花组织培养的最佳外植体为棕色叶片;最佳消毒时间为0.1%的升汞消毒5min;最佳碳源:诱导初期3%的葡萄糖的诱导效果最佳,后期培养以2%蔗糖+1%葡萄糖的培养效果较好;最佳基本培养基为1/2MS。诱导产生愈伤组织的最佳培养基为:1/2MS+ KT(0.1mg/L)+6-BA(0.05mg/L)+2.4-D ( 0.4mg/L ); 诱导产生丛生芽的最佳培养基为:1/2MS+6-BA(0.3mg/l)+NAA0.2+KT(0.05mg/l) 诱导生根的最佳培养基为:1/2MS+NAA(0.05mg/L)。实验采用了RAPD 技术分析了8 个安祖花品系,用30 个随机引物对供试材料进行PCR扩增,筛选出10 个稳定性好,条带清晰的引物,根据扩增结果得出相似系数,并进行UPGMA聚类分析,结果表明:8 个品系的安祖花的遗传背景比较窄,各品系之间的相似系数较大,表明这8 个品系的亲缘关系较近,聚类结果与形态学分类相一致,说明RAPD 技术可作为安祖花亲缘关系鉴定的有效手段。更多还原

【Abstract】 Anthurium andraeanum is a very popularity top grad pot plant cultivars and cut flowers,with the development of ikebana artistic, Anthurium suddenly become the “dazzling star”in the rikebana realm.The same as “the world four cut flower”in the world flowers market,it is the secondly tropic flowers.Therefore there is very impotance significance to meeting the national flower market and export by studing and exploitation Anthurium andraeanum. The article studies on the process of flower development of Athurium andaeaum by using the general paraffin section technology and the electron microscope technology,to determining the cause of affecting fail seed,constructs regeneration system and analysis of RAPD of eight Anthurium andraeaum spcies were carried out.The primary results could be summarized as follows: The result of flower developing showed that the flower bud morphological differentiation way is form a leaf bud with a flower bud; The process of microspore occurring and male gametocyte development is normal,the development of anther wall is elementeny type.Thpetum is the gland cell type. The pistil has two carpels, the ovules belong to straight ovules with bitegmic;77% nucellus stoped development before from the archesporial cell and disappear and 23% nucellus atrophy .so the flower cannot grow seeds. The best explant in the culture was brown leaf,and the explant sterilized in 0.1% aqueous mercuric chloride for 5min has the best effect;At the initial stage in induction,3% glucosan have the best effect following with 1% glucosan+2%sucrose are optimum in the process of culturing;the optimum culture medium is 1/2MS; the preferable medium of callus is 1/2MS+ KT(0.1mg/L)+6-BA(0.05mg/L)+2.4-D(0.4mg/l);differentiation1/2MS+6-BA(0.3mg/l)+NAA0.2+KT(0.05mg/l);and the preferable medium of rooting is :1/2MS+NAA(0.05mg/L)。Eight lines belonging to species of Athurium andaeaum were analyed by RAPD markers to determine their relationship. Of the 30 primers screened, 12 primer no amplify bands,8 primer no polymorphic,10 primer showed consistent banding patterns and amplification and produced 81 bands with 46 polymorphic.The result of UPMGA clustered analysis as following: The study showed that the eight Anthurium cultivars examined were genetically closely related.The inheritance distance are smaller and the similarity conffifient are bigger.The result of clustering is consistent with Anthurium morphologic character .The study shows that RAPD can be a useful tool to distinguish Anthurium as well as identify their genetic relationships.更多还原