【作者】 刘虹；

【导师】 郑有良；

【作者基本信息】 四川农业大学 ， 作物遗传育种， 2005， 硕士

【摘要】 波兰小麦(Triticumpolonicum L.)是小麦属二粒系中重要的一个种,属四倍体裸粒栽培小麦,染色体数为2n=28,染色体组为AABB,具有粒大、粒多和分蘖力强的特点,是小麦遗传改良的重要基因资源之一。本文利用酸性聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳(acid polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis,APAGE)和十二烷基硫酸钠聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳(Sodium Dodecyl Sulphate Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis,SDS-PAGE)等技术对72份不同地理来源波兰小麦种子贮藏蛋白中的醇溶蛋白(gliadin)和高分子谷蛋白亚基(High Molecular Weight Gluetnin Subunits,HWM-GS)的遗传多样性进行了检测,分析了波兰小麦不同材料间遗传关系和HMW-GS的组成情况,发掘了一些普通小麦中不具有的新亚基类型,探讨了波兰小麦应用于普通小麦品质育种的可能性,为合理利用这些遗传资源,改良普通小麦品质提供了一定的理论依据和物质基础。其主要结果如下: 1、采用APAGE技术检测到72份波兰小麦醇溶蛋白位点存在着丰富的变异类型。共产生48条迁移率不同的醇溶蛋白谱带,ω区存在的醇溶蛋白带纹最多(15条,占31.2%),而β区仅存在9条(18.8%),α区和γ区分别有11和13条(22.9%和27.1%)。每条条带在材料间的出现频率变辐为1.4%-90.3%,平均为33.7%。每个材料可分离出8～24条迁移率不同的谱带。部分材料间的醇溶蛋白谱带极其相似,未能利用APAGE技术进行区分。 2、利用NTSYS2.1软件按Nei&Li(1979)的方法计算了72个波兰小麦材料间的遗传相似系数(GS),供试波兰小麦材料间的平均遗传相似系数为0.5132,具有较大变异辐度(0.1429～1.000),说明波兰小麦种内存在丰富的遗传变异类型。不同地理来源的波兰小麦材料间醇溶蛋白遗传多样性存在差异,在小麦族物种起源中心的西亚以及中亚地区,波兰小麦材料间的遗传多样性水平较高,平均更多还原

【Abstract】 Triticum polonicum L.(2n=28, AABB) is the most importance species with agronomic traits of large grains, more spikes and higher tillering ability in Emmer-reihe wheat of Triticum. It is one of the best genetic resources for wheat breeding program. In this study, the genetic diversity of gliadins and high-molecular-weight gluetnin subunits (HMW-GS) in 72 T. polonicum accessions collected around the world, were investigated using APAGE and SDS-PAGE methods, respectively. Moreover, the genetic relationships among T. polonicum accessions, and HMW-GS combinations were analysized. A few new subunits were detected, which have not been reported among common wheat. The possibility of T. polonicum applied to wheat quality breeding was also discussed. It is useful to utilize these genetic resources for the improvement of quality of common wheat. The main results were described as following:1、 The abundant variations of gliadin in 72 T.polonicum accessions were detected by APAGE. A total of 48 gliadin patterns were observed. There were 15, 9, 11 and 13 allelic of gliadin patterns at ω,β , α and γ zones, respectively. Frequency of each pattern ranged from 1.4% to 90.3%, with an average of 33.7%. Eight to 24 patterns cound be identified in each accession. Among a few accessions, the gliadin patterns were similar to each other, and these accessions cound not be distinguished by APAGE.2、 The genetic similarity (GS) among T. polonicum accessions were calculated using NTSYS2.1 software according to the Nei &Li (1979) ’s method. The genetic similarity varied from 0.1429 to 1.000, with the average of 0.5132. The gliadin diversity of T.polonicum accessions from different geography was estimated. Higher genetic diversity among these accessions from western and mid-Asia, which were recognized as the origin center of Triticeae species, were detected, with an average GS of 0.5473 and 0.4165, ranging from 0.1935 to 1.000 and 0.1935 to 0.6061 respectively. Furthermore, Theclustering results indicated that genetic relationships among T. polonicum based on the gliadin were associated to its geography distributions.3、 HMW-glutenin variation among 72 T. polonicum accessions were investigated by using one dimensional SDS-PAGE. A total of 10 subunit combinations were found. Among which, the highest frequency of subunit combinations (N, 20) was 41.67%, following the second frequent was (N,7) subunit combination. Three and 5 allelic variations were found in Glu-AI and Glu-Bl locus, respectively. The most abundant subunit combinations were detected in those materials from Europe.4、 Among these accessions, a few new subunits,which had not been reported in common wheat, were found. One unknown subunit(?) coded by Glu-AI locus was detected, which mobility was faster than that of subunit 1 and 2*, but slower than that of subunit 5. And another unknown subunit type (?1+?2) in Glu-Bl locus was found, and its x-type subuint had the faster electrophoretic mobility than that of subunit 7, while the mobility of y-type subunit was slower than that of subunit 8. Meanwhile, this subunit was different with subuint 14+15 in cultivar Xiaoyan 6. To identify these two subunits accurately, the more comparison analysis and molecular cloning technology wound be used.更多还原