【作者】 王晓艳；

【导师】 曹楚南； 王建明；

【作者基本信息】 浙江大学 ， 物理化学， 2005， 硕士

【摘要】 本文首先概述了铝在化学电源中应用的历史,综述了各种铝电池的发展概况,并叙述了在强碱性溶液中纯铝及铝合金阳极的腐蚀电化学研究进展,包括腐蚀反应机理、铝合金阳极以及缓蚀剂的发展概况。在此基础上,对金属铝在碱性溶液中的电化学行为和几种典型缓蚀剂的作用机制进行了系统、深入的研究。 第三章中,作者研究了碱土金属离子与EDTA对纯铝在碱性溶液中的缓蚀作用。发现单独添加碱土金属氢氧化物能够极大地抑制铝在4mol·dm^-3 KOH溶液中的自腐蚀,其中氢氧化钙的缓蚀效率最大。EDTA单独添加的缓蚀作用很小,但它可以增强碱土金属氢氧化物的缓蚀作用。EIS及EDAX分析表明,碱土金属离子与EDTA形成的螯合物是通过在铝表面活性点上的吸附而起缓蚀作用的,它们属于吸附型而非成相型缓蚀剂。 第四章中,以氧化锌为例探讨了成相型缓蚀剂的作用。氧化锌单独添加时能够极大地抑制纯铝的腐蚀。然而,在铝—溶液界面上析出的金属锌非常疏松,容易从铝表面脱落,这一过程既消耗了过多的氧化锌,也使铝基体遭受不必要的损耗。DE本身几乎没有缓蚀作用,但在适当的浓度下,它能增强氧化锌的作用。阻抗谱分析和扫描电镜观察都表明DE的添加改善了锌在铝电极表面的沉积形貌,使之更平整,增强了锌沉积层与铝基底间的结合力,从而起到增强氧化锌缓蚀作用的效果。 最后,在本文第五章中,作者尝试应用含有ZnO-PEG的KOH溶液作为电解液,研究铝在其中的电化学行为。在所研究的聚乙二醇系列里,随分子量的增加,其对铝的缓蚀作用是增强的,PEG200的缓蚀效果最差。而对PEG1000,当其含量为0.0015mol·dm^-3时缓蚀效率最高。铝在含0.0015mol·dm^-3 PEG1000和0.2mol·dm^-3 ZnO的4mol·dm^-3 KOH溶液中,具有良好的放电性能,且添加剂的缓蚀作用具有可逆性。更多还原

【Abstract】 In this thesis, the applied history of aluminum in electrochemical batteries as well as the development in various kinds of aluminum batteries was firstly reviewed. Then, the author introduced the research development on corrosion electrochemistry of pure aluminum and aluminum alloy anodes, including corrosion mechanism and solution-phase inhibitors, etc. Based on this, the corrosion and electrochemical behaviors of aluminum in the inhibitor-containing alkaline solutions were systemically investigated.In the third chapter, the cooperative effects of alkaline earth metal ions and EDTA on the corrosion inhibitor of pure aluminum in alkaline solutions were investigated. It was found that the corrosion of aluminum in 4 mol·dm^-3 KOH solution can be greatly inhibited by the addition of alkaline earth metal hydroxides, and calcium hydroxide is found to give largest inhibition effect. Their inhibition is enhanced by the addition of EDTA, while EDTA itself has only a little inhibition effect. The analyses on EIS and EDAX reveal that alkaline earth metal ions and EDTA chelate complexes may produce the inhibition effect on the corrosion of aluminum by adsorbing on the active sites of aluminum surface. And they act as interface inhibitor rather than inter-phase one.In the fourth chapter, the effects of ZnO as inter-phase inhibitor were investigated. The corrosion of aluminum can be greatly inhibited by the addition of ZnO. When the alkaline solution only contains ZnO, loose and spongy zinc is deposited on the aluminum surface and easy to fall into the solution. This process consumes more ZnO and aluminum. The inhibition effect of ZnO is further enhanced by the addition of DE at certain concentrations, while DE itself has little inhibitioneffect. EIS and SEM analyses revealed that the addition of DE can greatly improve the deposition of zinc layer, which increases the adhesion between the zinc layer and the aluminum.At the last part of this thesis, in chapter five, the author attempted to employ the alkaline solution with ZnO and PEG as electrolyte and investigated the behavior of aluminum in the solution. The experimental results showed that the inhibition effect is enhanced with the increase in molecular weight of PEG. Among all the PEGs, the inhibition effect of PEG 200 is the lowest. When the concentration of PEG 1000 is 0.001.5 mol-dm’3, its inhibition effect is the highest. It was also found that aluminum shows an excellent discharge performance in the 4 mol-dm"3 KOH solution with 0.2 mol-dm"3 ZnO and 0.0015 mol-dm"3 PEG 1000 , and the inhibition of the additives on the corrosion of aluminum displays some reversibility.更多还原