论我国民事诉讼审前程序的重塑

【作者】 魏强；

【导师】 周庆；

【作者基本信息】 郑州大学 ， 法律， 2005， 硕士

【摘要】 在国外许多国家,民事诉讼审前程序都是民事诉讼法的重要内容,指法院受理民事案件后到开庭审理前所运行的一系列诉讼程序的总称。它具有整理和固定争点、为开庭审理做好证据方面的准备、减少进入庭审案件的数量等功能,发挥着保障社会正义,提高司法效率的重要作用,长期以来各国都致力于完善这一程序,使其能够不断适应社会发展。 然而,民事诉讼审前程序在我国《民事诉讼法》中并不是一个独立程序,只是普通程序的一个阶段,被称为“审理前的准备”。从立法机关的初衷来看,“审理前的准备”阶段的设置,是借以保证庭审质量、提高庭审效率必不可少的基础,是民事诉讼中的庭审活动乃至整个诉讼活动得以顺利进行的必备前提,对于保护当事人充分行使诉讼权利,保证人民法院正确行使审判权,切实维护当事人的合法权益,均具有十分重要的意义。然而由于我国立法过粗,以及立法理念的滞后导致该程序流于形式,当事人权利未得到充分保护,致使司法资源的大量浪费,严重影响了司法公正和审判效率,以致前些年有些人竞提出废除“审理前的准备”,实行“一步到庭”。随着近些年来理论界的深入研究和司法实务界的不断改革,这种明显是倒退提法已经不见踪迹了。人们开始一致认同,应该完善我国的民事诉讼审前程序,还其本来面目,使之在司法改革中发挥其应有的重要作用。 本文从分析审前程序的内涵入手,从语义学的角度分析了我国理论、实务界对审前程序的称谓,指出当前庭审中心主义仍在人们的思想观念中占据主导地位,人们对审前程序的独立功能认识依然不够,建议抛弃“准备程序”这一概念,而以“审前程序”取而代之。文章又探讨了民事诉讼审前程序的法理基础,分析了审前程序与正义、效率的关系,认为审前程序不仅能提高审判效率,为国家和双方当事人节省资源,还能促进正义这一法律的最高理想、最高目标和最高原则的实现。然后比较分析了英、美、法、德、日五个国家法律对民事诉讼审前程序的规定,并以美、德两个国家为例对两大法系审前程序作了比较,以期为我国的民事诉讼法的修改提供一些借鉴。最后,在此基础上结合我国国情,考察了目前我国法律和司法解释对民事诉讼审前程序的规定,以及它在司法实践中的运行状况,指出存在的不足,并提出了重塑我国民事诉讼审前程序制度建设方面的设想。更多还原

【Abstract】 In many foreign countries, the civil pretrial procedure plays an important part in the civil litigation law. It refers to a series of preparatory work from accepting and hearing a case to opening a court session taken by the court. It carries the basic function of arranging and fixing the dispute point, making preparation in the aspect of evidence and lessening the case for hearing. It’s of great value and significance in guaranteeing social justice and promoting judicial efficiency, so that it has been worth a lot of attention. Many countries have contributed to the perfection of the procedure so as to make it adaptable to the development of the society. However, the civil pretrial procedure is not an independent procedure in the civil litigation law of our country. It’s just a stage of common procedure, and called preparation before trial. In Fact, from the original intention of the legislators ,it’s on the basis of guaranteeing the quality of court hearing and improving judicial efficiency to stipulate the pretrial procedure. But, in practice, since the stipulation of the law is too simple and rough as well as for the backward thinking of the lawmakers, the civil pretrial procedure is just superficial and neglected by people, becoming a mere formality. It fails to protect the rights of the litigants as well as expected, even leads to great waste of the judicial resources, let alone realize justice and efficiency in trial. In that background, some people even propose to abolish the preparation before trial and carry out "direct hearing1’. Obviously, that’s retrogression and groundless.This paper probes into its connotation and foundation of legal principle, analyzes and compares several foreign civil litigation laws, then, by using the experience of other countries for reference and with regard to the condition of our country, the author puts forward his own idea of how to reconstruct the pretrial procedure in our country.更多还原