燃煤电厂排放颗粒物对大气污染的监测与危害研究

【作者】 鲁兴；

【导师】 吴贤涛；

【作者基本信息】 郑州大学 ， 环境工程， 2005， 硕士

【摘要】 可吸入颗粒物是中国城市大气环境的首要污染物,北京市大气中PM₁₀为253.1μg/m³（2003）,是国家二级日标准150μg/m³的1.69倍,PM_2.5为145.2μg/m³（2003）是美国日平均值 65μg/m³的2倍多。可吸入颗粒物可致癌、致畸和致基因突变,对健康危害极大,粒径小于2.5μm的细颗粒部分,对人体和环境产生的危害更为巨大。 在可吸入颗粒物中,燃煤电厂排放这类固定污染源,起着重要作用,因此研究燃煤电厂排放的颗粒物对环境和人体监看的危害,是目前大气污染研究的焦点之一。 我国煤炭产量居全球首位,70%以上的能源,有赖于煤炭。以煤为燃料的电厂占火力发电的96%,年排放烟尘达289.73万吨（2001）。本项研究选择首都北京作为城市大气污染的代表,对其冬季供暖期燃煤电厂排放的PM₁₀、PM_2.5进行了实地监测,对取得的数据,进行了分析,研究其质量浓度的变化现状,并对燃煤电厂排放可吸入颗粒物的形成机制、演化现状,物理化学特性进行探讨研究。 燃煤电厂排放的大气污染物对下风向居民人体健康的影响,则以河南焦作市为例,做了呼吸道疾病调查和颗粒物毒理学和流行病学的分析和探讨。更多还原

【Abstract】 Inhalable particles(IP) are one of the chief air ollutants in China. It badly effects on human health, especially those whose aerodynamic equivalent diameter are less than 2.5μrn.Among the inhalable particles, Coal-fired power plant as the first pollutant source plays an important role in emitting the PM10 and PM2.5. Therefore Coal-fired power plant emitted inhalable particles are draw much attention in recent years.China is the largest coal produce country in the world. More than 70 percent of energy comes from coal, and more than 96 percent of thermal power plant are using coal, and the total volume of emitting soot reaches to 289.73 x10~4 tons. Thus the air polluted cities are increasing year by year.This paper chooses the Beijing City as a representation of air polluted city to moniter the concentration of PM10 and PM2.5 emitted from coal-fired power plant during winter senson. Data obtained and other results such as forming mechanism,volution process as well as physical and chemical properties are analysed.The air pollutants from coal-fired power plant do harm to downwind residents. The dissertation has Jiaozuo City as a case, the data on respiratory tract disease are surveyed and analyzed, and some studies about PM toxicology and epidemiology are summarized.更多还原