犯罪青少年家庭教养方式研究

【作者】 赵汗青；

【导师】 赵山明；

【作者基本信息】 郑州大学 ， 马克思主义思想政治研究， 2005， 硕士

【摘要】 自上个世纪80年代以来,青少年犯罪已成为世界三大公害之一,作为一个严重的社会问题,受到社会各界的普遍关注。由于青少年犯罪问题与社会稳定、国家发展和民族未来息息相关,我国政府及许多研究机构对预防青少年犯罪作了大量工作,取得了许多成果。随着我国人民生活水平、家庭结构、道德观念的发展变化,与之相应的青少年的生活水平、文化水平、思想观念、行为方式及个性心理等显现出新的特点。为了更好的掌握青少年的犯罪特点,减少和预防犯罪的发生,对青少年犯罪心理和行为的研究已成为心理学家、犯罪行为学家、特殊教育专家共同关注的课题。 本研究采用家庭教养方式评价量表(EMBU)对一组犯罪青少年进行调查,以探讨犯罪青少年家庭教养方式的特点。通过对犯罪青少年与同龄正常青少年家庭教养方式的比较,以及犯罪青少年的家庭因素与家庭教养方式的相关研究探讨犯罪青少年家庭教养方式上是否存在误区。以便正确指导广大青少年的父母采取正确的教养方法,促进子女的身心健康。研究采用问卷调查法、个案访谈法和材料分析法对两组调查对象分别进行集体调查。 结果显示,首先,通过对犯罪青少年与同龄正常青少年家庭教养方式的比较发现:犯罪青少年父亲教养方式在FF1情感温暖与理解、FF2惩罚严厉、FF3过分干涉、FF4偏爱被试等方面差异极为显著,即犯罪青少年父亲比对照组父亲出现较少的情感温暖、理解,过多的惩罚、干涉或者偏爱;母亲教养方式在MF2过分干涉保护、MF4惩罚严厉等方面差异显著,在MF1情感温暖与理解、MF3拒绝否认等方面差异极为显著,即犯罪青少年的母亲比对照组母亲较少的情感温暖与理解,过多地干涉保护、拒绝否认、严厉惩罚。 其次,通过犯罪青少年父母教养方式一致性的比较发现:其父母在偏爱被试、过度干涉保护、惩罚严厉和拒绝否认贬低等方面差异极为显著,即父母教养方式在上述几个方面存在严重分歧;对照组父母在情感温暖理解、过度干涉保护、惩罚严厉等方面存在差异,除了过度干涉保护这一项其它各项程度远不及犯罪组。 最后,父母教养方式与各种家庭因素以及犯罪类型的相关分析显示:与父亲情感温暖与理解相关的因素有是否独生子女、父母文化程度以及父母婚姻状况更多还原

【Abstract】 Juvenile delinquency has become one of the three social effects of pollution since 1980s, and has been addressed by the world as a severe social problem. Juvenile delinquency is closely linked with social stabilization, our country development and nationality’s future. The government and many research institutions have done a great deal of work to prevent it and have gained much achievement. It has appeared new characteristics in juvenile’s living environment, literacy level, behavior, personality and mentality with the progress of the standard of living, family structure, and morality concept. For understand the specialty of juvenile delinquency, reduce and prevent it, the research about juvenile delinquents’ mind and behavior has become an common issue that been wildly paid attention to by psychologist, criminology and special educationist.The study explored the characteristics of parenting styles in juvenile delinquents by using EMBU. Through comparing with normal adolescents, moreover, it has made a correlative analysis between family factors and parenting styles in order to study the defects of it and instruct the parents’ rearing. The investigation was made by means of questionnaire, case discuss and material analytical method.The results indicated as follows:firstly, comparing with normal adolescents it can be concluded that there were apparent differences between the two groups in warmth of feeling & understanding ,punishment, interference, partiality of father’s rearing style. That is, the young criminals’ father has more punishment, interference, partiality and less warmth of feeling, understanding. In addition, there were significant differences in interference, punishment, warmth of feeling & understanding, refusal & repudiation of mother’s rearing style . In other words, the young criminals’ mother has more interference, refusal, reputation, punishment, and less warmth of feeling & understanding.Secondly, it shows that there is divergence between father and mother by researching the consistency of parental rearing patterns .The differences are notable in partiality, interference, punishment, refusal and reputation. While it is not significant for normal adolescences except interference and that is the only item.Thirdly, it has made a correlative analysis between family factors and parenting styles and it shows that there are significant correlations existed between parenting styles and the family factors. Father’s warmth of feeling & understanding has correlation to whether or not singleton, parents’ education level, marriage status. Father’s interference, punishment has correlation to his profession. Father’s partiality has correlation to his cultural degree. Father’s refusal and reputation has correlation to parents’ education level, father’s profession and origin. Mother’s warmth of feeling & understanding has correlation to whether or not singleton, parents’ education level and her profession; Mother’s interference has correlation to her profession and origin. Mother’s refusal and reputation has correlation to whether or not singleton, parents’education level and origin. Parents’ education level and mother’s profession has correlation to partiality; moreover, the crime type has correlation to mother’s interference and fulsome protect.The conclusion is parental rearing pattern of young criminal has two principal defects, one is tendentiousness of extremeness; the other is the serious divergence between father and mother. Those defects are related to the disadvantage of the family factors.The paper brings forward some countermeasures and advices in schooling and social work. For example, instruct the parents’ mental health and rearing; improve the school education and conduct; prevent juvenile delinquency come from floating population.更多还原