【作者】 肖洋；

【导师】 满秀玲；

【作者基本信息】 东北林业大学 ， 水土保持与荒漠化防治， 2005， 硕士

【摘要】 森林水源涵养能力是指森林生态系统对降水的拦截和滞蓄作用,是森林的主要生态功能之一。过去这方面的研究多集中在森林涵养水源能力机理方面,对不同林型以及相同林型不同发育阶段水源涵养能力的研究较少,对水源涵养林的合理覆盖率和空间配置的研究还没有提出得到普遍应用的模型,而且多数局限于径流场观测或小流域对比试验,未能充分考虑流域的地理因素,代表性较差,不适合对大流域的水源涵养林功能的研究。而且在实际工作中怎样从整体和系统的角度对森林涵养水源功能进行客观和科学的评价,以用来比较不同森林类型涵养水源能力的大小,到目前为止尚无一套比较完善的方法。基于以上问题,本文以“3S”技术为手段,利用少量地面调查数据和提取的遥感、GIS信息,借助多元线性回归的数学方法,以定量为主、定性与定量相结合的评价指标和方法,建立了以像元为单位的定量估测模型,实现了中尺度的研究区域水源涵养林效能的定量评价。为优化其空间配置和林分结构,调整森林结构和布局,增加流域的水源涵养能力,建立以科学经营为基础的水源保护林健康体系提供了科学依据。其主要研究成果如下: (1) 本文通过对公别拉河流域的野外调查中,发现由于区域自然条件的影响,许多地物处于不断变动之中,典型地物控制点和地形图上的地物点不相匹配。因为地形图一般都是60、70年代的产品,许多地物旱已面目皆非,那么用地形图对卫星图像进行几何精校正时,即很难找到控制点,又由于地形图本身的测量误差,从而使得几何校正误差很难小于一个像元。因此,本项研究通过手持GPS的平差,获得了定位参数,解决了定位精度问题,使得定位精度达到2～5m,满足了本项研究的定位精度要求。 (2) 通过ERDAS IMAGINE遥感处理软件和ARC/INFO地理信息系统软件的使用,完成了遥感影像的几何精校正和各项基本处理及提取了相对应GPS点的遥感和GIS信息,为建模提供了大量的数据。 (3) 本文将评价单位定为一个像元,以卫星遥感数据和地理信息系统数据为信息源,采用多元回归方法,制定了以遥感和GIS信息为基础的水源涵养林评价指标体系,建立了以像元为单位的水源涵养林效能的评价模型,实现了水源涵养林效能评价的定量化。更多还原

【Abstract】 Forest water-holding capability is the interception and storage function to the precipitation of forest ecosystem and one of the main ecological functions of forest. In the past, the main research was about the facets of theory of forest water-holding capability. The less study was about water-holding capability of different forest types and different growth stage of the same forest type. The universal application model to the optimum forestry coverage and spatial layout of water-holding forest was not still proposed. The more study was limited to the observation for catchment’s area and the comparison experiment for small basin and it was not consider geography of basin fully, it was not representative and adapt to study water-holding function about big basin. And at present from the angle of whole and system how to evaluate water-holding function scientifically and impersonally to compare the magnitude of water-holding capability of different forest types which is not a perfect method. Based on the above question, by means of 3S technology and multianalysis mathematics method, using a few survey data in field and the information of RS and GIS, depending on the index and method of combined qualitative and quantitative, the quantitative estimation model is set up by pixel unit. The quantitative estimation of water-holding capability comes to the truth in the middle scale region. It provide the science foundation to optimize its spatial layout and forest structure, adjust forest layout, enhance water-holding capability of basins, set up health system of water resource protection forest on the basis of scientific management. The main research achievements are as following:Through the field survey for GongBieLa basin, the typical ground object control points and ground object points on relief map are not matched because of the effect of regional natural condition. It is very difficult to find out the control points and let the error less than one pixel when we use relief map to start satellite image geometry rectification due to too old relief maps and measure error of relief maps. So, the project study acquires position parameter, solves the problem of position precision, reachs to 2 to 5 meter’s position precision, meet the demand of the research by DGPS.By using RS soft (ERDAS IMAGINE) and GIS soft (ARC/INFO), The satellite image geometry rectification and all kinds of basic handling are finished and the corresponding RS and GIS information are obtained to provide a great deal datas for model.Taking the RS and GIS data as information origin, using the multianalysis-linear mathematics methods, it produces the quantitative indexes system based on the RS and GIS information, setups the quantitative estimation model of water-holding capability degree, fulfills the quantity of water-holding capability.更多还原