【作者】 李言阔；

【导师】 张明海；

【作者基本信息】 东北林业大学 ， 野生动植物保护与利用， 2005， 硕士

【摘要】 本研究利用3S技术测度了区域尺度上生境的可获得性,结合“被利用生境—未利用生境”比较法与“被利用生境——可利用生境”比较法研究了完达山地区马鹿冬季生境选择。根据研究地区现状,将研究地区生境因素划分为森林采伐、植被、地形、人为干扰4类。 研究结果表明:马鹿对中、高采伐频率生境(近15年内采伐1-5次)利用频率最高,并表现为正选择;对低采伐频率生境(近15年内没有采伐活动)利用频率很低,并表现为负选择;采伐迹地在7年内对马鹿具有较高的适宜性,食物丰富度和可获得性较高。马鹿对这类生境利用频率很高,并表现为正选择。超过8年的迹地马鹿利用频率较低,并表现为负选择。 关于植被特征:马鹿卧迹生境对皆伐迹地和阔叶疏林、河套、针阔林、灌丛利用频率较高,并对皆伐迹地、阔叶疏林、河套、灌丛表现为正选择。马鹿取食生境对皆伐迹地、阔叶疏林、灌丛和针阔林利用频率较高,并对皆伐迹地、灌丛和阔叶疏林表现出正选择。马鹿卧迹生境对低郁闭度生境表现出较高的选择性;马鹿取食点生境对低、中郁闭度生境表现出正选择。 关于地形因子,研究结果表明:海拔是影响马鹿冬季生境选择的显著因子。坡向和坡度对马鹿生境选择的影响不显著。马鹿卧迹生境对200～400m海拔区间,南坡和东南坡,10～30°坡度区间表现出正选择性。取食生境对100～300m海拔区间,南坡、东南坡和东北坡,10～20°、20～30°坡度区间表现出正选择。 关于道路和居民点的影响:马鹿卧迹和取食点主要分布在距离公路600m到1km范围内,并表现出正选择;居民点附近则形成一个没有马鹿活动的半径为2.74km的缓冲区。 利用海拔、NDVI、植被类型、距公路距离建立Logistic回归模型,能对研究地区马鹿活动生境进行理想的判别。利用GIS通过叠加运算,得出了研究地区生境适宜性指数分布图。结果表明,最适宜生境占研究地区总面积的32.81%,次适宜生境34.56%,不适宜生境32.63%。更多还原

【Abstract】 This thesis presents a research on wapiti (Cervus elaphus) winter habitat selection in Wan Da Mountains by the methods of "used habitat verse unused habitat" and "used habitat verse available habitat". Based on geographic information system and remote sense technology, the habitat availability was assessed on range scale. The environment factors were classified into 4 types such as topography variables, vegetation variables, human disturbance factors and forest harvest variables.The results revealed that middle and high harvested habitat were heavily used by wapiti and were selected positively, while low harvested habitat was less used and negatively selected. There had been high food abundance and availability in deforested land during 7 years after timber harvest. Clear-cut and thinning were the major timber harvest ways in study area.For vegetation, wapiti bed-site habitat heavily used mixed coniferous and broadleaf stands, cleared area, bare land, brush land, broad-leaved scattered woodland and positively selected the later four type stands. Wapiti forage habitat heavily used mixed coniferous and broadleaf stands, cleared area, broad-leaved scattered woodland brush land, and positively selected the later three type stands. Area with low degree of closure was heavily and positively selected by wapiti as bed-site habitat, and area with low and middle degree of closure were positively selected as forage habitat.As to topography factors, the research results showed that elevation significantly impacted wapiti habitat selection, while slope and aspect were not the significant impact factors in wapiti habitat selection. Wapiti bed-site habitat positively selected area with 200~400m elevation, south and southeast aspect, 10~30° slope, and forage habitat positively selected area with100~300 m elevation, south, southeast and northeast aspect, 10~20 and 20~30 slope.Wapiti bed-site and forage habitat were mainly distributed in the distance range from 600 m to 1 km to open road, and there was a buffer zone around resident area with radius 2.74 km, where no wapiti activity point was observed.Based on elevation, NDVI, vegetation type and the distance to open road, this research established a Logistic model, which could better discriminate wapiti activity habitat. According to this model, this research conducted a calculation of raster layer overlap by GIS, which gave a map on habitat suitability. According to the overlap result, 41.18% area was suitable wapiti habitat in study area; 33.32% area was unsuitable wapiti habitat; 25.51% area was slight suitable wapiti habitat. The suitable habitat was fragmented, with 1596 patches, average area about 5.99 ha.更多还原