【作者】 徐波；

【导师】 张杰；

【作者基本信息】 东北林业大学 ， 野生动植物保护与利用， 2005， 硕士

【摘要】 森林公园是开展旅游活动的好去处。旅游活动的进行,使森林公园的自然环境不可避免地出现一定程度的波动干扰,群落覆盖度减小,生态系统出现退化现象,局部地带甚至退化非常严重,物种多样性变化显著。植被因子是一定地域各种自然要素相互作用的最直接表现。植被能充分客观地反映其生态环境的质量优劣。森林公园的植被景观不仅仅是其重要的风景资源,而且更是协调其生态平衡的杠杆所在。本文通过取样调查,采用敏感水平、群落景观重要值、物种多样性信息指数和旅游影响系数等一系列植被景观特征指标,分析了火山口国家森林公园旅游植被景观特征与地理因子的关系;探讨了其旅游开发与植被生态环境的关系;评价了旅游影响系数与地理因子的相关性,以及旅游影响系数在旅游开发与植被生态环境关系方面的应用。结果表明: 1.火山口国家森林公园旅游植被景观特征的评价几乎不受自然环境的影响,而受人为活动影响较大。相对于自然地理因子而言,人文地理因子(即旅游活动)对植被景观具有更为显著的影响。此外,阴生种比值作为植被生态环境质量评价的指标,在本研究区域具有一定的非适用性。 2.敏感水平、群落景观重要值、物种多样性信息指数和旅游影响系数等一系列评价指标的相关性表明,距游径的水平距离愈远,敏感水平愈低,景观重要值愈大,物种多样性信息指数愈大或者稳定,旅游影响系数愈小。这些指标的变化趋势和其相互关系相吻合,且与植被现状大体一致,反映了整个森林公园植物群落的旅游价值及其生态环境质量。同时,距游径的水平距离对植物群落及其景观特征的影响也较为明显。研究结果较好地反映了火山口国家森林公园旅游开发现状,与实际状况大致吻合,说明这一方法是可行的。 3.6个旅游影响因子之间的正负相关性,均很好地体现了旅游活动对各因子影响的规律性,同时也说明了旅游影响因子的选择与确定以及对其赋值的正确性。它们与自然地理因子、人文地理因子的相关性说明了它们作为评价指标的可行性,同时也说明旅游活动是景区管理的主要对象。 4.根据旅游影响系数评价分级可知,整个森林公园管理水平呈良级水平,某些地段已出现危机感。其中,样带D附近是人为活动影响最强烈、质量管理最差的地段。评价分级的结果较好地反映了火山口国家森林公园旅游开发现状,与实际状况大致吻合,说明这一方法是可行的。更多还原

【Abstract】 Tourism ecology is a new field in applied ecology. It has been developed quickly in the world. However, it has not been studied well in China. How to deal with the relationship between the tourism development and the protection of resources and environment has been one of the important topics for scholars. The main study in the effects of two attributes, which were biotic environment (including vegetation and animal) and abiotic environment (such as soil, air ,water ,waste etc.), on the tourism development.Vegetation landscapes are not only important scenic resources, but also levers of harmonizing their ecological balance. Forest Parks are good places of eco-tourism, and their ecological environment is very sensitive to tourism activities. So it is important to study the relationship between tourism and vegetation environment in the forestry park.1. Many correlation indices between landscape important value, information index of species diversity and human geographical factors how that vegetation landscapes are affected seriously by human activities. Compared with physical geographical factors, human geographical factors (tourist activities) have more evident effect on vegetation landscape.2. The correlation among evaluating indices shows that the farther the level distance is, the lower the sensitive level is, the larger landscape important value and information index of species diversity are, the smaller tourism influencing index is 。3. The positive and negative correlation among six tourism influencing factors embodies the regulation of the effects of tourism on these factors, and the choose and given values of tourism influencing factors are correct.4. Based on evaluating class of tourism influencing index, we know that the management is good and middle level on the whole nature reserve, but there are some dangers on some region. Its results reflect the situation of tourism development in Crater National Forest Park, and are fit for the fact, and the way is practical.The relationship between tourism development and vegetation environment is a difficult topic. Aiming at this question, some studies are done with a case of Crater National Forest Park in the paper. However, many studies still need to continue. Firstly, landscape important value needs to take other factors into account such as vision, aesthetics, and soon. Secondly, we should discus show tourism influences the abundance, richness and diversity of species. Thirdly, as of negative species proportion, we should continue long-term practice study.更多还原