【作者】 刘菲；

【导师】 胡海清； 金森；

【作者基本信息】 东北林业大学 ， 生态学， 2005， 硕士

【摘要】 森林可燃物是森林火灾发生的物质基础,是火传播的主要因素,是森林防火灭火的理论依据。将热分析技术应用到森林可燃物的研究中,可以更直接、更准确地揭示森林可燃物的热解过程,更深入的探讨其热解机理。通过热分析技术所得到的参数(频率因子A、活化能E)为可燃物模型及林火模型的研究提供更加准确的基础数据。它对林火预报、可燃物管理、灭火指挥、营林用火、生物防火等方面有重要的指导意义。 本文通过采用热重分析和差热分析技术,对帽儿山20种森林可燃物的叶子进行测定,以从TG-DTA曲线上得到的热解动力学参数E为依据,对可燃物的叶子燃烧性进行了分析。根据可燃物叶子热解过程的不同,将其分成两类进行比较,并得到以下结论: 1 叶子热解过程经历干燥、预炭化、炭化、燃烧四个阶段的树种中山杨、香杨、黄榆、黄波罗、蒙古栎、蓝靛果忍冬的叶子在整个热解过程中,叶子热稳定性差,易燃烧;水曲柳、白桦、紫椴、珍珠梅、金银忍冬的叶子在整个热解过程中,叶子热稳定性好,不易燃烧。在此类可燃物中叶子易燃乔木:红皮云杉、红松、樟子松、五角槭、茶条槭;叶子不易燃乔木:黄榆、紫椴。叶子易燃灌木:东北山梅花、刺五加。 2 叶子热解过程经历干燥、炭化、燃烧三个阶段的树种中红皮云杉、红松、樟子松、五角槭的叶子在整个热解过程中,叶子热稳定性差,易燃烧:檬椴、东北山梅花、家榆、刺五加、茶条槭的叶子在整个热解过程中,叶子热稳定性好,不易燃烧。在此类可燃物中叶子易燃乔木:山杨、香杨、家榆、黄波罗、蒙古栎;叶子不易燃乔木:白桦、糠椴、水曲柳。叶子易燃灌木:蓝靛果忍冬;叶子不易燃灌木;珍珠梅、金银忍冬。更多还原

【Abstract】 Forest fuel is the material basis of forest fire, the major factor of fire diffusion, and is also the theory foundation of forest fireproofmg. The introducing of thermal analysis into the forest fuel research can help discover the thermal decomposition process more directly and accurately, at the same time, can help discuss the thermal decomposition principle deeply. The parameters concluded by the thermal analysis technology (frequency factor A, Activation energy E) can be used as basic data that are more accurate for building forest fuel model and forest fire model and also some other kind of scientific researches. It is of a guiding significance for forest fire forecast, fire fighting direction, use of fire, biological fireproofing and some other aspects.This article use the Thermobalance technology and the differential thermal analysis technology, mensurate 20 kinds of forest fuel in Maoer Mountain, in order to achieve thermal decomposition kinetics parameter E from the TG-DTA curve as a basis for analysis of the fuel combustibility. As for the difference between fuel thermal decomposition processes, we separate them into two kinds for compare. The results are as below:1. This kind of trees their thermal decomposition process includes desiccation, pre carbon, carbon, and burning four periods. During this process Populus davidiana, Populus koreana, Ulmus macrocarpa, Phellodendror, Quercus mongolica, Lonicera turczaniniwii are of low thermal stability, and likely to bum; while Fraximu mandshurica, Betula platyphylla, Tilia amurensis, Sorbaria sobifolia, Lonicera maackii have high thermal stability, are unlikely to burn. In this kind of fuel, Picea koraiensis, Pinus koraiensis, Pinus sylvesstris, Acer mono, Acer ginnala are combustible arbors; and Ulmus macrocarpa, Tilia amurensis are apyrous arbors. Philadelphus schrenkii and Acanthopanax senticosus are combustible shrubbery.2. The second kind their thermal decomposition process includes three different periods: desiccation, carbon and burning. Picea koraiensis, Pinus koraiensis, Pinus sylvesstis, Acer mono are of low thermal stability, and are likely to burn; while Tilia mandshurica, Philadelphus schrenkii, Ulmus pumila, Acanthopanax senticosus, Acer ginnala in the whole process have high thermal stability, and are unlikely to burn. In this kind of fuel Populus davidiana, Populus koreana, Ulmus pumila, Phellodendror, Quercus mongolica are combustible arbors; while Betula platyphylla, Tilia mandshurica, Fraximu mandsshurica are apyrous arbors. Lonicera turczaninowii is combustible shrubbery; while Sorbaria Sobnifolia and Lonicera maackii are apyrous shrubbery.更多还原