【作者】 郑丁团；

【导师】 马泽芳； 刘玉堂；

【作者基本信息】 东北林业大学 ， 特种经济动物饲养， 2005， 硕士

【摘要】 为了探索东北梅花鹿的卵泡发育过程中卵泡的组织学结构的变化,本论文对7头繁殖季节和非繁殖季节的东北梅花鹿卵巢用光镜和电镜方法进行研究。试验结果主要有四个方面: 1.用连续切片的方法对卵泡的组织学结构进行研究并且测量了了各类卵泡和卵母细胞的大小。原始卵泡是由单层扁平的卵泡细胞和卵母细胞组成的,卵泡的平均直径是37.09μm,卵母细胞的平均直径是27.72μm;初级卵泡是由1到4层的卵泡细胞包围一个卵母细胞,卵泡周围逐渐形成卵泡膜,卵泡的平均直径是86.18μm,卵母细胞的平均直径是43.12μm;次级卵泡由4层以上的卵泡细胞包围卵母细胞,卵泡细胞间开始有大小不等的囊腔,卵泡膜更加明显,卵泡的平均直径是284.59μm,卵母细胞的平均直径是85.13μm;三级卵泡有一个大的卵泡腔,卵母细胞位于卵泡腔的一侧,与周围颗粒细胞一起突向卵泡腔,形成卵丘,有典型的放射冠结构,卵泡的平均直径是993.61μm卵母细胞的平均直径是103.05μm;成熟卵泡的卵丘细胞松散。 2.对卵泡闭锁的组织学特征进行研究,结果表明:原始卵泡的闭锁,卵母细胞首先表现出退行性变化,卵母细胞皱缩,卵泡细胞核固缩。初级和次级卵泡的闭锁表现为卵母细胞皱缩变形,胞核固缩,透明带塌陷,基膜消失,卵泡呈不规则形,卵泡细胞核致密化。三级卵泡的闭锁过程分为三个时期:早期、中期和后期。 3.用透射电镜对卵泡发育过程中卵泡细胞的超微结构变化进行研究,原始卵泡的卵泡细胞呈长扁形或纺锤形,沿核膜分布较多明显的异染色质,核质比例大,细胞器少;单层立方或柱状卵泡细胞细胞核开始变圆或椭圆形位于底部,细胞器数最增加,结构变得清晰;初级卵泡和次级卵泡的卵泡细胞胞质内线粒体多为圆形或椭圆形,粗面内质网经常包围着线粒体,游离核糖体丰富,卵泡突起穿过透明带;三级卵泡细胞胞质中内质网丰富,高尔基复合体发达,多与粗面内质网相贴,核糖体丰富,成簇分布,微丝广泛存在于颗粒细胞胞质中。 4.卵泡发育过程中卵母细胞的超微结构变化。在原始卵泡阶段,卵母细胞为较规则的圆形,质膜与卵泡细胞膜紧密相贴,有时形成桥粒。细胞器多分布于近核区,高尔基体不典型,由扁平囊和小泡组成,线粒体多为圆形,嵴较少。在初级和次级卵泡阶段,3-4层的卵泡细胞局部开始形成透明带,4层以上时形成薄的透明带,微绒毛斜伸入透明带内,方向不规律。各种细胞器在细胞质中均匀分布。线粒体、皮质颗粒及滑面内质网小泡数目部增多;在直径为0.5-1.5mm的三级卵泡阶段,卵母细胞的透明带增厚。各种细胞器在皮质区内数量较多,皮质区内高尔基体的数目增多,粗面内质网明显减少;在直径为1.5-3mm的更多还原

【Abstract】 Seven female Skia deer(Cervus Nippon Hortulorum)(4-5years) that were in oestrum and anoestrum were used to explore the changes of histological structure during follicular development with light and electron microscopes. The results were as follows:1. The method of making serial sections was used to study the histological structure of follicles, and to measure the size of all kinds of follicles and the oocytes embraced by them. Primordial follicle consisted of an oocyte and a single layer of flat follicle cells, and the average diameter of primordial follicle and the oocyte were respectively 37.09μm and 27.72μm. One to four layers of follicle cells surrounded the primary follicle around which follicular theca gradually came into being. The average diameter of primary follicle and the oocyte were 86.18μm and 43.12μm. Oocyte of secondary follicle was surrounded by over four layers of follicle cells. There were some lacunae and spaces between follicle cells and follicular theca was clearer. The average diameter of secondary follicle and the oocyte were 284.59μm and 85.13μm. In vesicular follicle there was a large follicular antrum. The oocyte located in one side of the follicular antrum and with more and more granulose cells around it came into being cumulus oophorus, the structure of which is typical radiated corona. The average diameter of teriary follicle and the oocyte were 993.61μm and 103.05μm. Granulose cells of mature follicle was incompact.2. The results of studying the histological character of follicular atresia showed that at the beginning of primordial follicle’s atresia, the oocyte presented regressive changes and shrinking, the nucleus of follicular cells became pycnotic. During primary and secondary follicle’s atresia, the oocyte began to deform and shrink, its nucleus became pyenotic, zona pellucida deformed, the basal lamina disappeared, the follicle’s shape became irregular, and its nucleus got to be very compact. The teriary follicle’s atresia included early, advanced and late these three stages.3. The changes of follicular cells’ ultrastructure were studied by transmission electron microscope (TEM). The shape of primordial follicile cells in which there was few organdies was spindly or long and flat. Much heterochromatin along the nucleus could be seen clearly and the nucleus had a large proportion in these follicle cells. In the cubical or unilaminar follicular cells, the nucleus became round or elliptic and located on the bottom, the number of organelles increased, and the structure of organelles became clearer. In primary and secondaryfollicle cells, mitochondria was round or elliptic, which was often surrounded by roughendoplasmic reticulum, the free ribosome could be seen a lot, and the projections of follicleextended through zona pellucida. In the cytoplasm of the teriary follicle, there were manyGolgi complex, endoplasmic reticulum and ribosome. Microfilaments widely lied in thecytoplasm of granulose cells.4. During different developing stages of the follicles the oocytes’ ultrastructure had many changes. At primordial follicle stage, the oocyte was round and its plasma membrane smoothly sticked to the follicle cell’s, most organelles located near the nucleus, Golgi complex was not typical, and most mitochondria with few Cristae were round. At primary and secondary follicle stage, follicles locally formed zona pellucida when they consisted of three to four layers of follicle cells, irregular microvili on the oocyte were present in the zona pellucida, organelles were well distributed in the cytoplasm, and the number of mitochondria, cortical granules and smooth endoplasmic rericulum had all increased. At teriary follicle with 0.5-1.5mm diameter stage, zona pellucida became thick, the number of rough endoplasmic rericulum decreased obviously, and all kinds of organelles and Golgi complex increased in the cortex. At with 1.5-3mm diameter stage, the thickness of zona pellucida kept on increasing, the microvili on oocyte became short and curving and withdrew from the zona pellucida, and a lot of cortical granules began to laid beneath the plasma membrane of oocyte. In the cortex most organelles distributed and there were many Golgi complex.更多还原