【作者】 李文红；

【导师】 王光华；

【作者基本信息】 武汉科技大学 ， 化学工艺， 2005， 硕士

【摘要】 随着现代工业的发展,工业用水消费量急剧增加,占到人类用水的85%,同时水污染问题也日益严重。水资源的枯竭已成为人类面临的严重问题。提高水利用率,降低水污染是解决问题的根本办法。在水处理过程中,使用絮凝剂等水处理剂对强化水处理过程,提高水的重复使用率,节约用水,保护环境具有重要意义,并已显示出巨大的经济效益。 聚丙烯酰胺是目前使用量较大,应用范围广,发展速度很快的一种高分子絮凝剂。本文论述了聚丙烯酰胺的合成方法有水溶液聚合,乳液聚合,悬浮聚合,微乳液聚合等方法,并介绍了各方法的优缺点和反应机理,同时阐述了聚丙烯酰胺的研究状况及发展前景。 微乳液聚合物具有相对分子量高,反应体系粘度低等优点,使反相微乳液聚合法制备聚丙烯酰胺成为人们研究的热点。本课题从合成方法入手,利用微乳液的优点适宜合成高分子量的聚合物。重点研究反相微乳液聚合反应条件对PAM性能的影响,并通过正交试验设计法得出了合成PAM的最佳反应条件,即:单体浓度为25%,pH为9.00,引发剂浓度是0.16%,反应温度35℃。 对在反应条件下合成的聚丙烯酰胺,进行了分子量、溶解性、FT—IR、SEM、TGA等测试。结果表明:最佳条件下合成的产物分子量达9.61x10~6,溶解性比本实验用水溶液合成PAM的要好,通过红外光谱确认了产物的组成和结构;扫描电镜图说明微乳液合成PAM的外貌概况;热分析曲线解释了聚合物具有良好的热稳定性。 最后本论文对比反相微乳液法合成聚丙烯酰胺、水溶液合成聚丙烯酰胺和市售聚丙烯酰胺处理高炉煤气洗涤水的絮凝效果,结果表明反相微乳液法合成的聚丙烯酰胺具有良好的絮凝性能。更多还原

【Abstract】 With the development of modern industry, industrial water consumption sharply increases and is occupied 85% of the total water consumption; at the same time, the problem of water pollution becomes more and more serious. It has been very difficult for human because of the exhaustion of water resources. It is the best way to improve the condition by increasing water utilization and lowering water pollution. In the process of water treatment it displays significance and hugely economic benefit by using flocculants which enhances repetition usage rate of water and economizing on water.PAM is a high molecular polymer whose consumption, range of application and rate of development are far bigger and bigger. In this paper there were discussed the advantages and disadvantages of synthetic methods of PAM such as aqueous solution polymerization, emulsion polymerization, suspension polymerization and microemulsion polymerization; simultaneously, the recently synthetic conditions and future research on PAM were described.The inverse microemulsion polymerization method has been one of the most important ways for the advantages of microcmulsion polymer. High molecular weight PAM was synthesized by means of the advantages of microemulsion. It was discussed that reaction conditions had different effluence on the properties of PAM. And the optimal reaction condition was obtained by the orthogonal experiments, i.e. monomer concentration was 25wt%; pH was 9.00; initiator concentration was 0.16wt% and temperature was 35℃.PAM synthesized under the optimal reaction condition was examined by the instrumentality of molecular weight, solubility, FT—IR, SEM and TGA. Results showed: the molecular weight of the polymer was 9.61×10~6; its solubility was better than that of PAM synthesized by aqueous solution polymerization; its structures were characterized by FT—IR; its appearance was observed by SEM and its stability was interpreted by TGA.Finally, several kinds of PAM were investigated by treating washing wastewater of blast furnace gas. The results indicated that coagulative effect of PAM synthesized by inverse microemulsion was better than that of PAM synthesized by aqueous solution polymerization.更多还原