基于DSP的矢量控制异步电机效率优化控制研究

【作者】 孙丰涛；

【导师】 张承慧；

【作者基本信息】 山东大学 ， 控制理论与控制工程， 2005， 硕士

【摘要】 异步电机在现代工业中起着重要作用,是耗电量最多的一种电气设备。异步电机轻载,尤其是低于20%额定负载率时,其效率和功率因数会明显降低,对于长期轻载运行的异步电机,存在着很大的节能空间。变频调速技术的发展为异步机的节能降耗起到了巨大的推动作用,但轻载低效问题仍然存在。因此在能源问题日趋严重的今天,研究变频调速异步电机在轻载时的节能问题,提高其运行效率,对节约能源、控制环境污染等方面有着重要的意义。 论文首先从考虑铁损时异步电机在同步旋转坐标系下的数学模型出发,推导出便于SIMULINK建模的数学表达,利用SIMULINK内建模块建立了考虑铁损时异步电机仿真模型。该模型不但具有三相电流、转速等常规物理量,还有电机在不同坐标系下的电压、电流等内部物理量,非常适合高性能电机及控制系统的仿真研究。为后面的仿真研究做好准备。 接着在详细分析异步电机损耗的基础上,深入研究了矢量控制异步电机在轻载稳态时的效率优化问题。分别采用基于模型的最小损耗控制(LMC)、基于黄金分割的搜索控制(SC)以及结合二者优点的混合控制(HC),对这一问题进行了深入探讨,做了大量仿真实验。仿真结果表明LMC能够明显地降低变频驱动电机的损耗,并且具有良好的动态响应能力,但易受到电机参数变化的影响;SC虽然克服了这个缺点,却增加了收敛时间;而HC不仅可以缩短收敛时间,而且也克服了电机参数变化的影响,是一种性能优良的效率优化控制策略。 随后文章综述了DSP的发展及在电机控制中的应用,在已有硬件的基础上,完善了基于TMS320LF2407A的矢量控制异步电机效率优化系统。给出了3.3V电源供电、电流检测、转速检测等部分硬件电路及系统程序流程图,详细介绍了部分关键子程序,得到了大量的实验结果及数据。结果表明矢量控制异步电机在轻载时具有很大的节能空间,效率最大能提升30%以上,不仅验证了上面的理论分析,也为通用矢量控制变频调速系统的改进提供了思路。 最后文章提出了有待于进一步完善和研究的方向。更多还原

【Abstract】 As Is well known, induction motor plays an important role in modern industry, and is a kind of electric equipments which have the most power consumption. When induction motor operates underload, especially lower than 20% the rated load, its efficiency and the power factor will drop obviously. So the induction motors carrying lightly for the long time have the very big economy energy space. With the development of the technology of Variable Frequency Speed Regulation, the performance of induction motor is improved, but it still exists that problem. Therefore it is important to improve the efficiency of induction motor under partial load not only from the viewpoint of energy saving, but also from the broad perspective of environmental.Firstly, A simulation model for induction motor taking core loss into account by using the build-in modules of SIMULINK based on induction motor mathematic model in rotate coordinate is introduced. In this model, There are not only normal physical quantity such as three-phase current and speed, but also interior quantity such as voltage and current at different system. So this model is very suit to simulate high performance motor even control system.Secondly, based on the analysis of the loss of induction motor in detail, the thesis further investigates the efficiency optimal problem of induction motor with vector control under partial load and stable state. The thesis has discussed the question deeply and done a large number of simulation experiments using Loss Minimization Controller(LMC) based on model, Search controller(SC) based on golden sections and Hybrid ControIler(HC) combining the advantages of LMC and SC. The simulation results show that LMC can reduce the motor loss widely and have good dynamic performance, but easy to influence by the fact that the parameters of the motor change; Though SC can overcome this shortcoming, but have low convergence speed; HC can not only shorten the convergence time, but also overcome the problem of parameters variation. Simulation results prove that HC is a kind of good control strategy that optimizes efficiency.Thirdly, the article summarizes the development of DSP and its application in the motor control domain. Based on the already hardware, the vector control efficiency optimization system based on TMS320LF2407A is perfected. A some hardware circuits such as 3.3V power supply, current measuring, speed measuring and system procedure flow chart are given. Some key subprograms are introduced in detail and a great deal ofexperiment results are get. The results indicate induction motor of vector control has heavy energy-conserving space while it operates far from the rated values, and the efficiency can promote more than 30%. The results not only verify the theory results above, also provide the way of thinking for the improvement of general vector control system.Finally, the directions and measures to be improved and studied further are pointed out.更多还原