【作者】 窦立霞；

【导师】 高灿柱；

【作者基本信息】 山东大学 ， 环境工程， 2005， 硕士

【摘要】 在目前的化学驱提高采收率技术中,聚合物驱驱油机理清楚,工艺比较简单,技术已日趋成熟,是国内外三次采油主要技术方法中最成熟、最经济的一项。目前,我国已成为世界上使用聚合物驱油技术规模最大,大面积增产效果最好的国家,聚合物驱油技术成为我国石油持续高产稳产的重要技术措施。但随着化学驱规模的扩大,油藏条件较好的一类储量越来越少,高温高盐油藏储量比重增大,开发难度进一步加大,因此耐温耐盐聚合物的研究和应用势在必行。由于耐温抗盐聚合物产品分子结构变化导致常规聚合物产品性能、表征方法等不适合于新型聚合物,所以需要对原评价方法进行修订,或者建立新的特定参数的评价方法,以满足新型聚合物的评价需要。 本论文针对胜利油田新型耐温抗盐聚合物,建立了水解度、浓度分析、界面特性研究等分析新方法,以满足室内研究和现场驱油实验对耐温抗盐聚合物筛选评价的需求。在本次研究过程中,主要研究成果如下: 1.进行了酸碱滴定法影响因素实验研究,认识到溶解是测定水解度的前提条件,溶解性越差,水解度测定数据的误差越大。对于难溶的高温高盐聚合物,不能依赖加入盐促溶,而应该考虑用其它方法测定聚合物水解度。从而,在酸碱滴定法的基础上,引入电位计作为辅助仪器,开发了电位滴定测定水解度的分析方法,具有良好的准确性和重现性。考察了两种测定方法的优缺点和适应性,两种测定方法共用,完善了聚合物水解度测试方法。 2.利用排阻色谱法建立了分子量高达1500万以上驱油用部分水解聚丙烯酰胺浓度的高效液相色谱分析方法。方法线性范围10～500mg/L,检出限量10mg/L,共存物木质素磺酸盐,无机盐和微量油对测定不产生干扰。 3.建立了聚合物溶液体相稳态剪切流变、界面流变以及拉伸流变性能的测试评价方法。不同类型的聚合物溶液其体相稳态剪切流变、界面流变以及拉伸流变性能有所不同。尤其是探索出了使用TRACKER全自动液滴界面张力仪测量了界面扩大、缩小流变特征的方法,用界面扩张粘弹模量表征液膜强度;并考察了测量过程中滴体积、实验持续时间、振荡周期等控制因素的影响程度,确定了更多还原

【Abstract】 Polymer flooding has been one of the most maturational and economic chemistry flooding in current enhanced oil recovery technology all over the world because of the apparent mechanism, the simple process and gradually maturing technique. At present, China has profited from polymer flooding and become the main nation large-scale using polymer flooding. Polymer flooding has become the important technical method to our country to keep on high and steady petroleum production. Along with the extension of the chemistry flooding, reservoirs with good conditions got less and less, development of residual oil reservoirs proved to be difficult due to such high temperature and high salinity, so it is necessary to research and apply the heat-resistant and salt-tolerant polymer. As the variation of the molecular structure and composition, methods that evaluated the performance and characterization of the common polymer were unsuitable for the heat-resistant and salt-tolerant polymer. Thus, the primary methods of evaluation should be revised, or new evaluation of the particular parameter should be built for meeting new type polymer’s needs.The new analytical method for the new type— heat-resistant and salt-tolerant polymer being used in the Shengli oil-field including hydrolysis degree, HPAM concentration determination, interfacial properties etc are established. Mainly conclusions and innovations drawn form studies were as following:1. Studied the affecting factors of the acid-base titration, the results shows that dissolve is a prior condition to measure the hydrolysis degree. Dissolve more bad, the error more big. These heat-resistant and salt-tolerant polymers which are hard to be dissolved can’t depend on salt to dissolve, so other method should be found to determine the hydrolysis degree. Thus on the base of the acid-base titration, the potentiometric titration is established with the potentiometer as an assistance instrument. It has advantages of high precision and good reproducibility. The advantages of two methods are described in comparison with shortcoming and adaptabilities. Two kinds of titration methods are used totally to measure the hydrolysis degree of the polymer solution perfectly. 2. By making use of Size-Exclusion Liquid Chromatography, a method of HPLC todetermine the concentration of HPAM which average molecular weight was up to 15 million was founded. The linear range was 10-500mg /L and threshold 30mg/L. Without any interference from coexisted lignin, BES-3, sodium carbonate, salt and a little amount of crude oil.3. The methods of evaluation are established including bulk shear rheology, interfacial rheology and elongational rheology. All kinds of polymer solutions have diverse rheologic properties. Particularly using the TRACKER fully automated drop tensiometer to measure the interfacial rheology in dilatation or contraction. A measurement of the interfacial viscoelasticity modulus as a token of the membranes’ intensity is founded. The different effects by various factors including the volume of the drop, the duration of each measurement, the period of the oscillation are discussed. The ultimate experimental conditions are located.4. The interfacial viscoelasticity is increased while testing time is lasted at the interface between HPAM and dodecane for the same HPAM concentration and the characteristics, which viscoelasticity is smaller at beginning and gets larger along with the increase of time until the equilibrium is obtained, were observed. The various viscoelasticity was found when HPAM concentration was changed. The more the HPAM concentration, the higher the initial and equilibrium viscoelasticity are at HPAM/dodecane interface and the shorter the time is that equilibrium viscoelasticity are obtained. The real part (E’) contributes to viscoelasticity (E) much more than that of imaginary part (E").The contribution of real part always plays main role in viscoelasticity. After aging of the HPAM solutions, the interfacial viscoelasticity modulus decreases. Moreover different viscoelasticity at different interfaces for HPAM solution was also found. It seems that viscoelasticity between two phases is lessened while the density difference between these two phase is decreased. In addition, measurement of interfacial rheology is a useful method to evaluate polymer solution.更多还原