数控切管机控制软件的研究

【作者】 甄洪栋；

【导师】 季忠；

【作者基本信息】 山东大学 ， 材料加工工程， 2005， 硕士

【摘要】 在管道、桥梁、建筑等行业中,存在着大量的管材需要切割。为了保证结构的美观和稳定性,对管子切割的时候一般要求沿其相贯线来进行,有时候还要留出焊接坡口。为了开发出一种能够满足行业需求,切割出符合精度要求的数控切管机,必须要有一种能够求解出各种情况下管接头切割的相关数据的软件来与之配套。 本课题针对这种现状,首先分析了生产中常用到的管结构类型,根据切割特点将其分成管端切割、短管两端切割以及主管开孔与槽,三大类二十二个小类。通过对数控切管机切割理论的研究,选择了一种五自由度的切割机构。分析了在此种切割机构下,切割各种管结构时,割炬需要的控制变量。在此基础上结合空间解析几何知识为每一种管结构类型建立了数学模型。利用这些数学模型能够求解出管子与其它结构体的相贯线表达式,相贯线上任意点的两面角的表达式等切割控制变量。本文针对各个行业对管切割中坡口要求的不同,给出了上述管切割类型在不开坡口、开定角度玻口、AWS和API焊接坡口规则下,坡口角和切割角的表达式。 基于上述理论,结合计算机图形学知识和OpenGL语言,利用C++编程语言编制了一个OpenGL绘图类。该类集成了在Windows环境下创建OpenGL绘图环境的命令。在Visual C++编程环境下调用该绘图类编制了切割轨迹求解软件。利用Visual C++面向对象编程功能将各个切割类型的计算模块独立,增加了该软件的可维护性。该软件具有切割数据求解和切割轨迹模拟两大功能。其数据求解功能不仅能够根据切割类型选择合理的切割方式,求解出在该种切割方式下的切割数据,而且能够将计算出的切割数据自动分解到割炬的各个运动方向。切割轨迹模拟功能可以通过输入相关几何数据显示相贯接头和切割效果图,并能够通过割炬运动分析,模拟出切割过程的割炬运动轨迹。切割模拟功能减少了切割数据出错的可能,也间接验证了相贯接头数学模型的确性。更多还原

【Abstract】 In such trades as the pipeline, bridge, building ,etc, there exist a large number of pipes need cutting. In order to ensure the stabilization and beauty of the structure, these pipes should be cut along the intersecting curve. In some cases, intersecting groove should be left at the same time. A software is essential to work out cutting data for different pipe joints so as to develop a CNCPCM(Computer Numeric Controlled Piping Cutting Machine) which can meet the need of trade and cut out all kinds of pipes .Based on this problem, first of all, this article analyzed pipe joints in production field. According to their cutting characters, the pipes to be cut were divided into three kinds and twenty-two types. Through studying the theory of Pipe Cutting Machine, a machine model was selected whose cutter has five directions of freedom to control. Based on this machine, numerical model of all these joints were set up with the help of the knowledge of analytic geometry. Using this numerical model, expression of intersecting curve of pipe joints can be given easily; expression of dihedral angle and other data can be given too. Since different trades have different rules of intersecting angle in pipe joints, this article gives expression when the rules are as follows: AWS, API, and unaltered intersecting angle.On the foundation of forenamed theories, in order to visually display the course during cutting, using the knowledge of computer graphic and OpenGL programming language together, an OpenGL drawing class in Windows system is set up in C++. In Visual C++ programming environment, using the OpenGL drawing class, software is developed with the Visual C++ strong interface programming capacity .The software has two functions: working out cutting data and simulating the cutting trail. The first function not only can select how to cut by the type of joints, but also can divide the cutting data into the orientation of the cutter move. The second function can display the pipe’s joints by reading the data of their structures and can simulate the cutter’s trail by analyzing the movement of cutter. The function of simulation of the software not only can restrain the chance of mistakes of cutting data, but also can testify the veracity of the pipe joints’ numerical model indirectly.更多还原