【作者】 孟晓；

【导师】 王丽丽；

【作者基本信息】 山东大学 ， 英语语言文学， 2005， 硕士

【摘要】 约瑟夫·康拉德(1857-1924)的作品在文学界受到了极大的关注。文学界对康拉德的评论极多,并出现了专门研究康拉德作品的专论The Conradian。他的作品主要可以分为航海小说,丛林小说和社会政治小说三大类。颠沛、传奇的一生和跨文化的位置使他既保守又焦虑,凡事抱怀疑精神,也造就了他特殊的视野,而他那搀杂印象主义与象征主义的繁复技巧则显现他从浸淫的传统里寻找创新。康拉德的文字厚重迂回,他的小说擅用精巧、多音的叙述框架,分割、萦绕的时间观,复杂的意象与象征。此种迂曲、破碎、多线并行的叙述打破直线进行,既渲染了视觉印象,也加深了小说中的道德纠缠。 1907康拉德出版小说《密探》。本文被认为是康拉德的转型之作。小说讲述了一个简单故事:作为一个多重身份的密探,沃洛克在受到来自外国使馆的压力时,利用自己的妻弟斯蒂夫制造了格林威治公园的爆炸,但是沃洛克没有想到斯蒂夫会不小心跌倒而死于炸弹。警方的调查最终锁定沃洛克为嫌疑人,而在沃洛克的妻子温妮得知真相后杀死了沃洛克,最后自杀。许多评论家对小说的政治意义和任务塑造持否定怀疑态度,认为康拉德在小说中创造了一个完全没有积极意义的世界。并且认为这本小说晦涩艰难,象形而上学的博士论文般难读。但是康拉德在这篇小说中表现出来的超人的叙述技巧也引起了许多评论家的注意,尤其是他的叙述者视角的转变和反讽的运用。然而这些评论多仅着重其中某一点张开评论,对于整篇小说的整体叙述方法还没有一个完整的论述。 本文共分三个章节。第一章分析康拉德在《密探》中所使用的双层结构。许多评论仅仅设计到双层结构的某个方面,如线索的双层设置。而本文作者认为这个双层结构不单是在讲述故事中所设计的明线暗线上,也表现在法律维护方和无政府主义者两方面的人物安排的相对应上。除此之外,敌对双方的对话不单担负推动情节发展的任务,同时也是遥相呼应的。 第二章分析康拉德在本文中所使用的是他所擅长的作者叙述方式,包括他对作者距离,作者视角和作者评价的运用。随着故事情节的发展,他对每一个人物的距离,视角都在不停变换。这种灵活变换地使用作者叙述的方式,使康拉德完全掌握了读者的观点和感觉,使读者不知不觉地开始被作者引导,以康拉德的更多还原

【Abstract】 Joseph Conrad (1857-1924)’s works has attracted great attention in the literary world. There are many critics who study his works .The Joseph Conrad Society were founded and it publishes twice a year a periodical which studies Joseph Conrad’s works solely: The Conradian. Conrad’s works mainly fall into three categories: sea fictions, jungle fictions and social political novels. His legendary life and his exotic root make him conservative and anxious, doubting everything, which in turn creates a special perspective of the world. Mixed with imagism and symbolism marks, his narration techniques show his desire of seeking new development in the tradition. Conrad is expert in exquisite, complicated multi-voice narration, separated and obsessed time sequence, complex images and symbols. This broken, multi-level, indirect narration, unlike the linear order, not only deepens the visionary impression but also strengthen the moral paradox.Conrad published The Secret Agent in 1907, which is regarded as his transitional work. The Secret Agent is a "simple tale" about a multifold-identity secret agent Verloc. Under great pressure from the foreign embassy, Verloc designed Greenwich Outrage, making use of his brother-in-law Stevie, who accidentally stumbled over the bomb and was blown up into pieces. The police found Verloc is the main suspect. After Verloc’s wife Winnie knew the truth, she killed Verloc and later committed suicide. Many critics objects to its unpleasant political meaning and characters, considering Conrad to have created a world absolutely without any positive side, and some even blamed this novel to be too obscure and to be as still reading as a dissertation on metaphysics. Meanwhile, the mastery narrative techniques Conrad showed in this novel had also attracted critics’ attention, especially his authorial narrative perspective variation and irony. However, most of the critics only focus on only one aspect of his narration and there is no complete work on the whole novel’s narrative methods.There are three chapters in this thesis. The first chapter analyzes the dualist structure Conrad designed for The Secret Agent. Many critics have touched on theaspect of the overt and covert plot in the novel, while I hold that this dualism is not only on the level of the plot but also includes the arrangement of the characters on the sides of the law and the anarchist. Almost all the main characters in the novel have their counterpart in the rival side. Besides, the interviews and interchanges which serve as pushing up the development of plot are also balanced.The second chapter discusses Conrad’s favourite authorial narrative, which contains authorial distance, authorial perspective and evaluation. As the plot develops, the authorial distance and perspective towards every character is changing. This flexible variation of authorial narration enables Conrad completely lead the reader’s viewpoints and feeling. Thus, the reader is unconsciously invited by the author to understand the novel in the way he wanted.The third chapter deals with Conrad’s application of irony, which are prevalent throughout the whole novel, even to the extent of "corrosive". Irony in this novel can be called "structural irony" for its use in narration. The irony in plot design, the way of telling the story and authorial attitudes helps a lot in realizing his theme in this novel that it is a world of "madness and despair".The purpose of this paper is to present an experimental exploration of the narrative methods used in The Secret Agent and its relation to the realization of the novel’s theme.更多还原