【作者】 张超；

【导师】 张进生；

【作者基本信息】 山东大学 ， 机械工程及其自动化， 2005， 硕士

【摘要】 我国是一个洪涝灾害多发的国家,近年来的气候异常,更导致洪涝灾害频繁发生,防洪任务愈发艰巨。从1980年开始河务部门投入了大量的人力物力对黄河河道工程根石智能化探测技术进行研究,但由于穿过混水、淤泥层探测的困难性、黄河高含沙水流的特殊性以及探测技术开发、研究水平的局限性,均未能彻底攻破这一难题。 论文研究分析了河道工程护坝根石的结构、走失方式、走失部位、走失方向及走失原因,提出了坝岸安全稳定的条件,根据正常年份的水文情况,确定了黄河河道工程根石智能化探测系统的探测范围、要求及目标。 在分析现有探测技术的基础上,根据黄河河道工程根石智能化探测系统的技术要求,实验确定了穿透能力强、精度高的超声波探测仪器——StrataBox浑水剖面测深仪;研究分析了船载、航模、水下探测机器人探测的不足,提出了一种新型探测方案——岸上载体探测方案;设计了载体及配套的驱动控制系统,并开发了相应的计算机软件系统;优化设计了探测系统的详细工作过程。 创建了伸缩臂数学模型,利用有限元软件ANSYS对探测伸缩臂进行力学特性分析、结构优化,同时进行了计算机仿真与分析、精度分析及稳定性校核,使各性能参数均达到最佳状态。 通过现场对探测系统定点对比实验和坝面扫描实验数据、图像分析研究,该系统: (1) 探测效率高、穿透能力强,能够测出浑水下及淤泥覆盖下的根石界面,根据信号特征也能够较清晰地分辨出淤泥、根石,适合于黄河堤坝的根石探测; (2) 探测精度较高,实验结果中有63%符合设计要求,另有22.9%与人工锥探的对比误差在允许范围内; (3) 可自动存储、管理探测数据及结果,并直接输出根石断面图、计算出缺石位置和缺石量; (4) 机动灵活、安装操作简单、界面友好、结果完整、直观、实时性好。 因此,“黄河河道工程根石智能化探测系统”课题符合当前河流防汛抢险工程要求,属于河流防汛抢险必备的技术装备,技术含量高,实用性强,研制成功后,将大大提高河流防汛抢险的目的性和有效性。更多还原

【Abstract】 Many flood disasters often occur in our country, and abnormal climate leads to disasters frequently in recent years. Therefore, the task to take precaution against flood is more arduous. River department has devoted a great deal of manpower and material resources to the intellectual detecting technology for foundation stone in the Yellow River since 1980. But the problem can’t be resolved thoroughly because of the difficulty in detecting through feculent water and silt seam, the particularity of stream current with much sandiness and limited detecting technology.On the analysis of the structure, loss mode, loss position, loss orientation and loss reason of foundation stone for protecting dam in river project, the condition to keep dam safe and steady is put forward in the paper. The detecting scope, requirement and goal of the intellectual detecting system for foundation stones in the Yellow River are confirmed according to the long-term normal hydrology situation.On the basis of analyzing the existing detecting technology, the ultrasonic instrument with high precision and penetrating power-StrataBox bathometer for feculent-water profile is employed in the experiment according to the technology requirement of intellectual detecting system for foundation stone in the Yellow River. A new type of detecting scheme-carrier on bank is put forward on the analysis of the detecting disadvantage of ship carrier, aeromodelling and underwater robot. Carrier and its related drive control system are designed, and the corresponding software system is developed as well. Furthermore, the detailed working course and time of detecting system is devised, too.The mathematics model of extension arm is established in the paper. With the combination of modern computer technology and mathematics method, the finite element software ANSYS is utilized to analyze the mechanic characteristics and optimize the structure of detecting extension arm, and the computer emulation and analysis, precision analysis and stability check are carried on at the same time, the purpose of which is to make each performance parameter optimum.The characteristics of the system are listed as follows by the comparative experiments of the detecting system on spot and the analysis of the dam scanning experimental data and image:(1) The system is of high detecting efficiency and penetrating ability, and it can measure the interface of foundation stone under feculent water and silt seam. And it can also distinguish the interface of silt seam and foundation stone more clearly according to the signal characteristic, being suitable for the measurement of foundation stone in the Yellow River.(2) The detecting precision is relatively high, with 63% of experimental results meeting the design requirement and the contrast error of 22.9% and artificial wimble detecting results within the allowable range.(3) The system can automatically store, manage the detecting data and results, directly outputting the sectional drawings and calculating the position and quantity of vacant stones.(4) The system is mobile, flexible and real-time, with simple installation and operation, friendly interface, complete and intuitionistic results.In a word, the subject of intellectual detecting system for foundation stone in the Yellow River meets the demand of current flood prevention project. It is an indispensable technical equipment to deal with flood emergency with high technique and practicability. Its implement will greatly improve the purpose and validity of flood prevention.更多还原