【作者】 白欣娇；

【导师】 杨波涛；

【作者基本信息】 昆明理工大学 ， 应用化学， 2005， 硕士

【摘要】 能源短缺是全社会目前面临的重要问题,如何合理有效地用能即高效率用能,已成为二十一世纪全球实现可持续性发展可供选择的方法之一,也是有识之士共同关注的问题。磷化工作为云南省支柱产业之一,是一项高能耗、高污染的行业,因此节能降耗就成为磷化工企业降低产品成本、提高经济效益的有效手段之一。黄磷作为磷化工产品原材料,其本身的价值成本将决定其后续产品的价格,因此降低黄磷产品成本就成为我们必须注意的问题,而作为黄磷生产耗能最大的电炉也就成为我们研究的重要环节。这一方面前人已经从能量平衡和质量平衡上进行过基础性研究。本文主要是以质量平衡和能量平衡为基础,从火用的角度来衡算电炉能量的转化和利用情况,并通过编程计算,分析得出电炉中火用损失的部位及其损失机理,通过与能分析的结果进行比较,发现两者有着截然不同的结论。由火用的概念可知采用火用方法会更科学、更合理,也更有优越性。因为火用表示的是能量中能无限地转化为其它能量的那部分。目前人们已认识到能量是有量和质二重性的,能量守恒定律仅反映出能量在量上的特性,不能体现能量在质上的变化,即有效能的转化情况。现今人们研究事物往往都是从其本质出发,能量系统也不例外,其质的变化必然成为研究的主题。本论文着重探讨黄磷电炉中能量有效部分的真正转化情况及损失情况,并用火用损和火用效率来评价,最终给出一些降低火用损,提高火用效率的方案和措施。 通过参观学习云南省某大型黄磷厂生产情况以及与工人师傅们进行一些理论和实践的探讨,并在研读大量与黄磷电炉有关的文献,对其进行深入地探讨性研究的前提下,本论文主要成果包括: （1）初步完成了对黄磷电炉生产系统的质量、能量、火用三方面的平衡计算,建立了这三方面的计算公式。另外,也尝试性地提出了计算生产每吨黄磷所需总火用的估算式,其形式为: Ex=3600×(170000/（（[P₂O₅]_料-0.5）+[Fe₂O₃]_料×{7750/（[P₂O₅]_料-8）-76}+[CO₂]_料×{3200/（[P₂O₅]_料-3.5）+8}+6000）+[29079+2438×（H₂O）_J]×m_J更多还原

【Abstract】 The shortage of energy is an important problem currently. How to use energy availably, namely to use it high-efficiently is necessary in carrying out the sustainable development strategy, and more and more people have been awared of importance of this problem today. The chemical engineering of phosphorus is one of the mainstays of the economy in Yunnan province. As a special industry, it consumes a lot of energy and makes bad pollution frequently, so some steps must be put into practice to decline them. In order to reduce the cost of the yellow phosphorus production, people have been studying the yellow phosphorus electric furnace from the energy balance and quantities equilibrium. Based on the energy balance and quantities equilibrium, this article mainly analyses the conversion and use of energy in the electric furnace, and the places and the principles of the consuming of the exergy were analyzed through the computer programme. The consuming of the exergy differs the consuming of the energy from several facts, and the method of exergy is more scientific, more reasonable, and more superiority. A prevalent viewpoint is that energy has two characteristics, the quantity and the quality. The principle of the energy balance only reflects on the quantity of energy, while exergy expresses the other, which is the effective part in energy can be turn into other kinds of energy unlimitedly. This article introduces the process of the effective part of energy in the yellow phosphorus electric furnace, appraises it with consuming of exergy and efficiency of exergy, and put , forward some steps in reducing consuming of exergy and improving efficiency of exergy.The thesis was accomplished on the foundation of summing up the experience of domestic and foreign experts in the production of the yellow phosphorus, and cooperated with a large enterprise in Yunnan province. By participating in the whole project, the main research results were achievedas follows:(1) The calculating model of the quality、 the energy and the exergy in the system of the yellow phosphorus electric furnace was derived, and the balance calculating of it was accomplished basically. In addition, two important formulas were introduced. One is the formula that calculates the whole consuming exergy in producing per ton phosphorus, that is:The other is the calculating formula of the comsuming exergy of chemicalreation in proportion to the no inverse exergy, i.e: (2) The whole course of balance calculating about the quality、the energy and the exergy in the system of the yellow phosphorus electric furnace were realized through the program of VB6. 0. We analyzed the data collected within 72 hours of successional production of the factory in Yunnan province. At last we found the places where the exergy was consumed in the yellow phosphorus electric furnace and the reason why the phenomenon was happened. On the basis of this, we discussed the principles of consuming of the yellow phosphorus electric furnace.(3) The article also analyzed large numbers of data adopting MATLAB language, summed up some linear formula, and brought forward some steps in reducing consuming of exergy and improving efficiency of exergy.At last, the achievement and conclusion of the project we have finished are summarized, and some suggestions for the forward work of this system are presented.更多还原