【作者】 于秀艳；

【导师】 丁永生；

【作者基本信息】 大连海事大学 ， 环境科学， 2005， 硕士

【摘要】 挥发性有机污染物因其沸点低,极易挥发,易对周围环境如大气造成污染,影响人类健康,并破坏生态平衡。大气中毒害挥发性污染物及其来源的研究已有报道,但水环境中挥发性有机污染物研究工作还较少。本研究通过针对苯系物和其他几十种挥发性有机污染物的分析,开发更加可靠、灵敏的样品前处理方法,对影响因素进行分析研究,为该方法的实际应用提供科学指导。 主要内容及结论如下: (1)建立了适用于静态顶空气相色谱法的前期固相萃取方法。将普通的气相毛细管去掉表面涂层,根据目标污染物在水相与固定相之间的分配特性,选择合适的固定液涂在毛细管外侧,将水中目标物萃取至毛细管上,通过顶空进样器,用气相色谱法直接测定。以苯系物为实验对象,分别应用传统的顶空气相色谱法和上述的固相萃取顶空气相色谱法进行测定,分析优化了影响实验结果的实验条件,考察了实验结果,研究表明该方法比传统的顶空气相法可靠性更强、灵敏度更高、重现性更好。 (2)以多种挥发性有机污染物作为混合标准液,分别应用吹扫捕集气相色谱/质谱(GC-MS)和固相萃取顶空气相色谱/质谱(GC-MS)进行测定,针对挥发性有机污染物代表进行了各项指标测定。实验结果表明,固相萃取顶空气相色谱法克服了传统顶空气相色谱法灵敏度低的缺点,与吹扫捕集气相色谱法具有极其相近的检测限,却具有更好的重现性。 (3)运用固相萃取顶空气相色谱/质谱(GC-MS)法,对大连市化工行业排放污水进行了实际检测并对实验结果进行了比较。通过对固相萃取顶空气相色谱/质谱(GC-MS)法的实际运用,显示该方法现实可行性。 固相萃取顶空气相色谱/质谱(GC-MS)法经理论探讨和实验论证,具有现实可行性和超越传统顶空气相色谱法的一系列优点,为因前处理复杂、准确性难以保证的挥发性有机污染物定量测定提供了新的思路。更多还原

【Abstract】 Volatile organic compounds have some common characters. They have low boiling point. So they are easy to volatilize into the air and pollute environment. This can also affect human health and destroy ecosystem balance. There are reports on the origin and distribution of poisonous volatile pollutants in the air, but there is little research on VOCs in water. This paper developed a new sample preparation technique through the research on benzene series compounds and other VOCs with analysis about any possible experimental factor.The main contents and conclusions are as follows:(1)A new sample preparation technique, capillary solid-phase extraction, was developed, and successfully applied to the determination of benzene series compounds in water by coupling to gas chromatography. The analytes were extracted onto the polymer film outside of a piece of gas chromatography capillary and desorpted in to gas chromatography through small vase of the headspace injection. This new method has more advantage on RSD and LODs when compared with traditional headspace GC.(2)Based on the research of 54 VOCs, the technique of purge-and-trap coupling to GC/MS were compared with SPE headspace coupling to GC/MS. The experimental data demonstrated that SPE headspace technique had good LODs and better RSD.(3)The application of SPE headspace GC/MS to the determination of chemical pollute water proved that the method is simple, rapid, practical, and the quantification results were reliable.The rearch proved that the new sample preparation technique-SPE headspace is a promising tool for the volatile organic pollutants analysis in water.更多还原