【作者】 黄磊；

【导师】 崔克清；

【作者基本信息】 南京工业大学 ， 安全工程与技术， 2005， 硕士

【摘要】 近年来液氯在生产、储存和运输过程中常发生泄漏,导致了巨大的经济损失,造成了严重的人员及环境生态的毒性伤害和污染。更为严重的是会继而发生火灾或爆炸等次生灾害,使得灾害损失与破坏进一步加剧。因此对液氯泄漏进行预防和控制已是刻不容缓。本文在分析了液氯泄漏危害的基础上,对液氯泄漏原因进行了总结,提出了防止液氯泄漏的措施及各种泄漏形式下的处置方法。通过算例计算,本文模拟分析了液氯泄漏的扩散过程及地面浓度分布,提供了泄漏速率、总泄漏量、质量浓度和毒负荷等许多有用的定量化信息。(1) 以35m~3 的液氯储罐为例,分三种泄漏情况进行模拟分析:气相空间小孔连续气体泄漏、气相空间大孔瞬时泄漏和受限液相空间部分闪蒸两相流泄漏。(2) 模拟分析了1 吨装液氯钢瓶因阀门失效的泄漏扩散结果。模拟结果形象直观便于理解,上述工作不仅对于在泄漏事故后果预测、指导救灾、制定重大泄漏事故应急预案方面具有指导意义,还对液氯生产、管理和事故风险防治具有指导意义和参考价值。除了氯泄漏,氯腐蚀也困扰着化工行业。某种程度上材料的氯化腐蚀问题成为了一些新兴工业发展的制约因素。甲烷氯化物是化工行业的重要原料,用天然气热氯化法生产甲烷氯化物系列产品的反应器处于含氯和氯化物的氛围中,腐蚀现象严重,造成了经济损失。在甲烷氯化物系统中,设备腐蚀是不可避免的。我们需要改进设备的结构,选用适当的设备材料,减少腐蚀形成的条件,延长设备使用寿命,减少停车次数。本文探讨了金属在含氯环境中的腐蚀特点,影响因素和腐蚀机理。从甲烷氯化物反应器的结构方面、制造维修方面和日常使用方面提出了防护措施。将几种常见金属与做过阳极氧化处理的1Cr18Ni9Ti进行反应器现场挂片试验。利用扫描电镜、能谱分析手段,对样品表面的形貌、成分、组织与结构等进行了分析研究。研究结果表明经过阳极氧化处理,可以使反应器内壁表面重新钝化,提高了临界点蚀电位,减少了表面的不均匀性,增强了抗氯的耐蚀性能。选用了目前耐还原性腐蚀介质较好的几种工业材料,模拟现场的生产条件,更多还原

【Abstract】 In recent years, the chlorine release accidents which happened frequently during process of production、storage and transportation resulted in huge economic loss and brought about severe virulence injury and pollution to people and ecological environment. To crown all, secondary hazard would break out, such as fire or explosion, and aggravate calamity loss and destruction. Therefore, anticipative control of chlorine release admits of no delay. Based on analysis of harmfulness of chlorine release, this paper summarized release cause of liquefied chlorine gas, put forward measures to prevent chlorine release and processing methods at different kinds of release models. According to calculation of examples, diffusion process and distribution of on ground concentration of chlorine release are simulated and analyzed. Much useful quantification information, such as release velocity, mass concentration and poison load, are also offered. (1) In this paper, as an example of chlorine storage tank with volume 35m3, a simulated analysis is performed in three cases: pinhole release in gas phase space, wide aperture release in gas phase space, release of two phase flow in restricted liquid phase space. (2) The release results of chlorine cylinder by failure of valve lapse are performed by simulated analysis. The simulated results are visual and comprehensible. The above work has instructive meaning not only in aspect of fallout forecast, disaster relief, emergency procedures of important release accidents, but also in area of chlorine production, supervision region and prevention and cure of risk. Besides chlorine release, chlorine corrosion also troubled chemical industry. To some extent, the question of chlorine corrosion will restrict some growth industries. Methane chloride which are important material in chemical industry are produced by natural gas with method of thermal chlorination. A reactor which worked in the atmosphere of chlorine and chloride had a severe corrosion marks so that it brought about economic loss. This paper discussed the feature of corrosion, influencing factor and corrosion mechanism when metals located in chloride environment. From the aspect of structure, corrective maintenance and non-emergency use of reactor, protective measures are put forward. Some kind of ordinary metals and anodized 1Cr18Ni9Ti were put into the reactor for experiment. By scanning electron microscope and instrument of energy spectrum analysis, the external surface, composition, microstructure of specimens were studied and analyzed. The results show proved that after anodic treatment, the inner surface of reactor is gained passivation again, nonhomogeneity of surface is reduced and corrosion resisting property is enhanced. Adopted some kind of industrial material which has favorable performance to resist corrosive medium of reducibility, the general corrosion experiments were performed in laboratory by weight loss method. The results indicated that 00Cr18Nil4Mo2Cu2 and 1Cr18Ni9Ti had poor corrosion resisting property, however, 00Cr25Ni22Mo4.5Cu and TA2 had good corrosion resisting property and were ideal material in Chloromethane production system.更多还原