【作者】 张峻；

【导师】 王政昆； 杨士剑；

【作者基本信息】 云南师范大学 ， 环境科学， 2005， 硕士

【摘要】 我们于2004年4月21日到6月20日和2004年10月18日到10月31日分两次对西双版纳的人象冲突情况做了研究。对三个县六个乡镇十八自然村寨的796户居民进行了当面的问卷调查。综合分析所得的数据和各种资料,我们得到如下结论。1、人象冲突带来的经济损失是巨大的,相当于当地居民平均实际收入的33%,应得收入的18.7%。并且,收入和损失呈明显的正相关。这些严重的挫伤农民的劳动积极性。2、现有的防治方法,民间和政府的不同。民间方法主要是发声、照明、气味熏、围地、假人威胁、种刺树等6种;政府的是防象沟、电围栏、食物园、生态环境恢复等4种。民间方法有一定作用,但对农民精力和经济消耗极大,并容易产生防治上的疏漏。政府的方法比较有效,但投资较大,目前不可能在每一象损区推广。3、象损不仅使农民财产受到损失,也使他们产生巨大的精神负担。4、对象本身的态度影响着对象的保护态度,损失使农民对象的保护不再持积极的态度。5、不同民族、不同年龄、不同损失群对象的态度没有区别,但不同学历对象的态度有较显著的差异。提高象损区的教育水平,可提高当地群众的保护意识,这对保护象是有好处的。6、提高补偿可缓解当地群众对象的厌恶情绪,增强他们的保护意识。 缓解对策制定之前应注意几点:对象损地区生态环境的调查、象活动规律的调查、象结构和数量的调查。缓解人象冲突的对策在根本上有三点:生境的改造、有力的防象措施、合理的经济调整和补偿。生态环境的改造主要包括社会生境部分归还自然生境、已破坏自然生境的恢复。有力的防象措施包括迁移、隔离和有效的威慑作用。合理的经济调整和补偿就是调整农村的产业结构,增加农民的收入来源,并且,广泛的发动社会和国际力量参与到补偿活动中来。在制定缓解对策时一定要注意保护原则。最后,缓解对策的实施需要政府和各界下定整治的决心,需要社会各界在资金上的支持,需要有合理的人员配置。更多还原

【Abstract】 We investigated human-elephant conflicts in Xishuangbanna, Yunnan, in two periods, from 21st April 2004 to 20th June 2004 and from 18th October 2004 to 31st October 2004. We draw some conclusions, as follows: l.The economy loss is huge due to human-elephant conflicts. The loss is equal to 33% of actual earning, to 18.7% of the earning that should be gotten by farmers. Correlation is significant between the loss and earning. All of those seriously strike the work enthusiasm of the farmers. 2. Different measures were adopted by the government and local farmers. The folk’s measures include vocalization, illuminant, odour fuming, enclosure, dummy menace, seeding thorn and so on. The government’s measures include electricity enclosure, defending elephant migration corridors, food garden and resuming environment. The folk’s measures are useful to prevent elephant disaster, but there is a huge consumption to the farmers by these ways, moreover, which is easy to lead to careless omission. The government’s ways areeffective, but their investments are huge, and they can not be popularized at present. 3. Not onlydoes the elephant disaster cause the loss of the farmers’ property, but makes them create hugely mental burden. 4. The attitude toward the elephant itself affects the measures to protect elephant. Due to the loss, the farmers produce some violent tendency to the elephant. 5. The people who belong to different nation and ages, the people who suffer from different losses hold similar attitude toward elephant, they hate elephant. But the people who accept the different level of education are different in the attitude toward elephant. If the level of education where there is the elephant disaster is improved, the protective conscience of the local people will be advanced, which is good for elephant conservation. 6. Increasing compensation can reduce the disgusted feeling of the local people, and improve their conservation conscience.When trying to set a strategy dealing with human-elephant conflicts, we must notice some problems: investigating the environment where there is elephant disaster, the behavior law of the elephant, and the structure and the number of elephants population. There are three kinds ofstrategy to reduce elephant disaster: improving habitat, the powerful measure preventing elephant disaster, and the rational economical adjustment and compensation. Improving habitat includes returning partly social habitat to nature habitat, resuming nature habitat which has been destroyed, and establishing habitat aisle. The powerful measures preventing elephant disaster include mitigation, isolation and the effective deterrents. The rationally economical adjustment and compensation include adjusting industry structure in rural areas, increasing the incomes of the farmer, moreover, encouraging social and international force to take part in compensation action. We must notice conservation law during making strategy of human-elephant conflicts mitigation. At last, during carrying out the strategy to reduce human-elephant conflicts, we need the resolve of the government and all society, the support of all articles in the fund, and rational personnel arrangement.更多还原