【作者】 严思屏；

【导师】 陈躬林；

【作者基本信息】 福州大学 ， 西方经济学， 2005， 硕士

【摘要】 目前中国正经历着从计划经济到市场经济、从传统的农业社会到现代工业社会的转变。在这场变革中,伴随着经济体制结构和产业结构的变动,我国结构性失业问题日趋严峻。结构性失业不仅增加了治理我国失业问题的难度,还与总量性失业问题一起加剧了我国的失业危机,出现“高增长,低就业”的局面。因此,结构性失业问题的研究具有强烈的现实意义与紧迫性。结构性失业源于劳动力的供求矛盾,而劳动力市场是汇集和解决劳动力供求矛盾的基本渠道。因此,本文认为,要解决我国结构性失业的问题,必须立足于我国劳动力市场制度性分割的现状,认清我国分割的劳动力市场中所存在的导致供求矛盾的机制缺陷,从而运用劳动力市场分割理论这把钥匙打开供求矛盾之锁,寻求治理结构性失业的有效途径。本文在借鉴国内外已有的研究成果的基础上,具体分四部分对劳动力市场分割与结构性失业的内在关系进行分析。第一部分阐述了城乡劳动力市场分割对结构性失业的影响。明显的城乡分割导致城市的高工资、阻碍农村剩余劳动力转移、制约农村劳动力素质的提高,从而加剧了劳动力供求的矛盾。第二部分具体分析城市两级市场的分割对结构性失业的影响。随着改革开放的深入,城市两级市场从体制分割演变为行业分割。在城市两级市场分割中,形成了垄断行业的高额工资、行业壁垒,并遏制了人力资本投资的增加,进一步恶化了我国结构性失业的状况。第三部分针对目前我国大学生就业问题突出的现象,重点对市场分割中孕育的大学毕业生结构性失业问题进行实例分析。第四部分提出要解决我国结构性失业问题,应该打破市场分割,建立一个统一的劳动力市场的政策建议。更多还原

【Abstract】 At present, China is going through from planned economy to market economy, from traditional agricultural society to modern industrial society. During the changes of economic system structure and industrial structure, the problem of structural unemployment of China is becoming more severe. The structural unemployment has not merely increased the difficulty of solving the unemployment problem in China, but also aggravated the unemployment crisis of China with the problem of total amount unemployment together. The situation of “high growth, low employment”appears. Therefore, the research of the problem of structural unemployment has strong realistic meaning and urgency. The structural unemployment comes from the contradiction of labor’s supply and demand. And the labor market is basic channel which gathers and solves the contradiction of labor’s supply and demand. So, this paper thinks that in order to solve the problem of the structural unemployment of our country ,we must know about the current situation of labor market segmentation in China and the mechanism defect existing in the labor market which causes the contradiction of supply and demand, and use the theory of labor market segmentation to explain the contradiction of supply and demand and seek for the effective way to solve the problem of structural unemployment. On the basis of existing research results of both at home and abroad, this paper are divided into four parts to analyze inherent relation of the labor market segmentation and the structural unemployment. First,this paper explains the influence of the rural-urban labor market segmentation to the structural unemployment. The obvious rural-urban labor market segmentation causes the high wage in city, hinders the mobility of surplus labor in rural area, and degrades the improvement of rural laborer’s quality, which expands the contradiction of labor’s supply and demand. Second, we analyze the impact of the segmentation of the primary and the secondary labor market in city on structural unemployment. During reforming and opening-up, the primary and the secondary labor market in city is developing into the trade segmentation from the system segmentation. The high salary of the monopoly industry and trade barrier are formed in the two grades market segmentation in the city, which has contained the increase in the investment of human capital and worsened the state of the structural unemployment of China finally. Third,directing against the phenomenon of employment question among university students in China at present, the paper carries on the instance analysis to the problem of structural unemployment of the graduate within market segmentation especially. Finally, we propose the way of solving the problem of structural unemployment of China. It is that we should break market segmentation and set up a unified labor market.更多还原