【作者】 朱畅；

【导师】 周华；

【作者基本信息】 浙江大学 ， 机械电子工程， 2005， 硕士

【摘要】 消防水枪是消防作战中常用的主要装备之一,它能将水的静压能转化为动能,喷射出各种水流和水雾,用于灭火、冷却、隔热、和排烟等消防作业。目前消防队使用的常规水枪功能单一、后座力大、在水源不稳定时不能喷射出合适的水流。稳压型多功能消防水枪采用流体动力控制技术中的稳压节流原理,能很好地控制水枪内水流的流动特性,减少紊流。在水源状态变化时,保持喷射压力恒定,后坐力小,并能实现直流、开花和喷雾等多种喷射扑救功能。 第一章回顾了消防水枪的发展历程,介绍了传统消防水枪的优缺点和面临的技术挑战及对策,以及国内外新型多功能消防水枪的研发现状。阐述了研制稳压型多功能消防水枪的意义及研究内容。 第二章介绍了消防水枪的基本参数及其对消防水枪喷射的影响,对消防水枪射流的基本特性进行描述。 第三章对消防水枪稳压喷嘴的工作原理和雾化方式进行分析,根据稳压工作原理,设计了水枪的稳压喷嘴,在稳压喷嘴基础上设计了稳压多功能消防水枪。采用fluent软件对消防水枪稳压喷嘴进行仿真分析,最后通过计算得出稳压多功能型消防水枪比普通水枪具有更低的后座力。 第四章对稳压型多功能消防水枪进行了喷射试验,试验表明稳压型多功能消防水枪在水源状况变化时,能够提供额定压力的水流。 第五章利用三维多普勒粒子测速仪(3D-PDPA)设备,对移动式细水雾灭火系统产生的细水雾在1000 mm截面处的雾滴索太尔平均直径(Sauter MeanDiameter,以下简称SMD)进行测量,结果表明雾滴SMD远小于100μm之间。通过灭火实验对原先系统进行改进,加装组合喷嘴的系统在扑灭A类火灾比原先能在更短时间内扑灭外部明火;在扑灭B类液体火灾时,相比原先系统性能提高极大,能够在非常短的时间内有效的扑灭小型B类火灾,用水量极少。 第六章对本论文所做的研究工作进行了简要总结,得出一些结论。然后分析了一些有待进一步研究的内容。更多还原

【Abstract】 Fire-fighting nozzle is one of most important equipments which are used by fireman in fighting fires. Nozzle can transform pressure into kinetic energy, and provide various stream and water-mist to put out a fire, jet cooling, heat insulation. The conversational nozzle used today in the fire company is with less function, huge nozzle reaction. If the water supply conditions change, conversational nozzle cannot supply a proper stream. Multi-function automatic pressure control fire-fighting nozzle is designed by the principle of automatic pressure control in hydraulic, it can control the flow without creating turbulence, and reduce the nozzle reaction. It can also release stream and water-mist for fire-fighting.In chapter 1, the history of Fire-fighting nozzle is introduced. The advantages and disadvantages of conversational nozzle are presented, and the way to deal with these disadvantages is discussed. The development trend and application status of multi-function automatic pressure control fire-fighting nozzle are introduced. At last, the significance of research and manufacture on Multi-function Automatic pressure control fire protection nozzle and the contents of the thesis are put forward.In chapter 2, the parameters and its effect to spraying of nozzle are introduced, and the characters of stream are described.In chapter 3, working and atomization theory of automatic pressure control nozzle is analyzed. Base on this, an automatic pressure control nozzle is designed. The flow of nozzle is calculated in FLUENT. The multi-function automatic pressure control fire-fighting nozzle can produce lower nozzle pressure to conversational nozzle is proved.In chapter 4, spray experiment of automatic pressure control nozzle indicates that the nozzle can provides a satisfactory stream of water even under bad water supply conditions.In chapter 5, using Three-Dimensional Phase Doppler Particle Anemometer (3D-PDPA), water spray’s outlet atomization characteristics at one-meter section is measured. And the water mist’s Sauter Mean Diameter produced by a series of nozzles under rated working condition is less than 100μm. We experimented according to other standard fire-fighting experiment, which indicates that the system can put out a fire caused by solid or liquid rapidly with less water, minimal water losses. If we experimented with improved assembled nozzle, water-mist fire suppression system can put out a fire caused by liquid a fire immediately.更多还原