【作者】 徐慧芳；

【导师】 赵翔； 黄镇宇；

【作者基本信息】 浙江大学 ， 工程热物理， 2005， 硕士

【摘要】 水煤浆技术是我国现行阶段适宜的代油、环保和节能技术。以煤代油,是我国能源长期稳定发展的战略和现实选择。中国石化吉林分公司为了降低化工产品的生产成本,提高企业综合竞争能力,新建75t/h高压水煤浆锅炉。该锅炉在国内属首创产品,完全采用了国内成功的水煤浆燃烧技术。建成投产后,为吉化公司增长经济效益及环境保护方面都将作出一定的贡献。本文对水煤浆锅炉冷态及燃烧调整试验做了介绍,并对锅炉的燃烧特性、炉内传热特性、积灰、结渣特性以及污染物排放特性进行了试验研究。取得了可贵的实验数据及运行经验,为进一步推广水煤浆在石化企业中的应用起到了示范作用。 本文首先在实验室内对吉化水煤浆的一些基本性质,包括流变特性、稳定性、热分析等进行了研究;接下来简要介绍了吉化高压水煤浆锅炉的设计及冷热态调试内容和结果。试验测得各工况下热效率在90%以上,燃烧效率均高于99%。燃烧时火焰明亮,切圆居中,无火焰贴壁现象。烟囱排放的烟色好,无黑烟。采用的油、水煤浆两用燃烧器适应性能好,在烧油和烧煤浆时都能稳定着火,炉膛火焰充满度好,且配风调节方便,能适应不同负荷运行要求。试验表明,改变一次风大小是调节水煤浆着火距离的主要手段,油气混烧火焰行程要低于浆气混烧,而浆气混烧火焰行程又低于全浆燃烧。在炉内传热方面进行了火焰黑度的测量,测量结果表明水煤浆火焰黑度比煤粉低,随着负荷的增加,火焰黑度增加。 然后结合工程实际情况,提出了消除水煤浆燃烧过程中缺陷的方法;针对锅炉运行中出现的积灰结渣问题进行了积灰结渣诊断试验,提出了解决积灰严重问题的技术措施。 污染物排放方面,对锅炉尾部烟气成分进行了测量,结果表明,SO₂和NOx排放量达到了国家标准。测定了制浆原煤、吉化水煤浆、炉底渣、除尘灰中8种重金属元素含量,分析水煤浆燃烧过程中痕量元素的迁移规律。更多还原

【Abstract】 Coal Water Slurry (CWS) technology is the suitable technology of replacing oil, environmental protection and saving energy currently in China. Using coal instead of oil is that the strategy and real choice of long-term and stable developments to energy of our country. In order to reduce the manufacturing cost of chemical product and improve the enterprise’s integrated ability to compete, Jilin sub-company of China petrifaction build a 75t/h high pressure water coal slurry boiler. The boiler is a pioneering product in china and domestically successful coal water slurry burning technology is completely adopted. It will make a contribution to rising economic benefit and environmental protection after the boiler is putted into production. In this paper, firstly the cold model and combustion control test of the coal water slurry boiler is introduced. Secondly experimental investigation is proceeded, including combustion characteristics, heat transfer characteristics, deposition and slagging characteristics as well as pollutant emission characteristics. Valuable experiment data and operating experience has been acquired, and this achievement can play an exemplification role in popularizing coal water slurry application in petrifaction enterprise.In this paper, firstly some basic properties of coal water slurry were studied in laboratory, including rheological property, stability property and thermal analysis. Secondly the design of the boiler, the cold model experiment and combustion test is briefly introduced. The thermal efficiency and combustion efficiency reached above 90% and 99% respectively under every operational condition. While burning, the flames were bright, the tangential circle was in center, no flame stuck the wall. The fume gas exhausted from the chimney had no black smoke with a fine smoke color. The dual-purpose burner for oil and coal water slurry had perfect performances: it can meet the operating requirement of various loads; it can catch fire steadily despite of coal or coal-water slurry; and the flame fullness in the chamber was fine. Besides, air distribution was convenient to adjust. The experiment indicated the change of the primary air amount was the main means to adjust igniting distances. From the experiment, we can also reach the conclusion that the flame travel of burning oil with fuel gas was less than that of burning coal-water slurry with fuel gas, and the flame travel of burning coal-water slurry with fuel gas was less than that of burning coal-water slurry only.In the aspect of heat transfer, flame radiating power was measured. It is proclaimed that the flame radiating power of coal water slurry was lower than更多还原