【作者】 黄恩炯；

【导师】 吴珍泉；

【作者基本信息】 福建农林大学 ， 农业昆虫与害虫防治， 2005， 硕士

【摘要】 白纹伊蚊(Aedes albopletus)分布广泛,种群数量大,活动季节长,嗜吸人血,是登革热、流行性乙型脑炎的媒介,因而被认为是重要的世界性卫生害虫。本文对白纹伊蚊形态特征、生物学特性、产卵习性、不同容器材料与水质对白纹伊蚊幼虫孽生情况的影响以及白纹伊蚊的季节消长等方面进行了研究,探索以白纹伊蚊幼虫为食料大量繁殖蚊虫捕食性天敌-褐尾库蚊(Culex fuscanus )的方法。 白纹伊蚊形态学、生物学特性的研究,明确了白纹伊蚊不同虫期的形态特征、生活习性、季节发生规律以及该虫的生殖特征等。白纹伊蚊产卵习性的观察结果表明:白纹伊蚊在白天的产卵量大于晚上,而且喜在黑色,粗糙的容器中靠近水面处产卵,容器中水位高低对其产卵量影响不明显。离地面距离越高,产卵量越少。不同材料容器和不同的水质对白纹伊蚊幼虫孳生情况有明显的影响,白纹伊蚊在不同材料容器与水质中均可孳生,但雨水和橡胶、竹筒容器最适合幼虫的生长繁殖。白纹伊蚊幼虫出现在3月中旬,成虫始见于3月下旬或4月上旬,7至9月为发生高峰期,10月底至3月上旬不见成虫活动。 褐尾库蚊(Culex fuscanus )是许多有害蚊虫的重要天敌。本文研究了褐尾库蚊不同虫期的形态特征、对猎物密度的捕食功能反应以及对自身密度的捕食功能反应,明确了褐尾库蚊的部分生物学特性,为褐尾库蚊的大量繁殖和有效利用提供了重要理论依据。捕食功能反应的研究表明:单个饲养的褐尾库蚊Ⅳ龄幼虫的日捕食量随白纹伊蚊密度的增大而增大:其日捕食量随自身密度的增大而减小。当给定不同种类的蚊子幼虫和不同龄期的白纹伊蚊幼虫时,褐尾库蚊Ⅳ龄幼虫喜食白纹伊蚊Ⅳ龄幼虫,对蛹的捕食量明显低于幼虫。猎物的大小、密度和活动能力影响了褐尾库蚊幼虫对猎物的选择性。更多还原

【Abstract】 Aedes albopictus is considered to be an important medical insect which extensively distributes in the world. It has big population and a long period of activities. It prefers stinging the blood of human and is the vector of Dengue Fever and Meningitis. The characters, biology, oviposition habits and the seasonal distribution of Aedes albopictus were investigated. The effect of different kinds of containers and water quality on the fecundity of Aedes albopictus and the methods of rearing Culex fuscanus with the larvae of Aedes albopictus were studied.The results showed, by the investigation on oviposition habits of Aedes albopictus, that it laid more eggs in the day time than in the night. The female prefered to lay eggs on the black and rough container surface near the water. Effect of the depth of water in the containers on the fecundity of Aedes albopictus wan not significant. The experiments showed that Aedes albopictus could grow in all kinds of containers and water quality, but the rain water and rubber container were the most suitable for the mosquito to breed. The larvae were found in the mid-March and the adults could be seen in the late March or April. The occurrence peak of adults was between July and September. They couldn’t be found from the late October to the early March.Ciilex fuscamis is an important predator of many kinds of mosquitoes.The effect of prey density on the individual number consumed by Culex fuscamis and relationship between the density of Culex fuscanus and consumed prey individual number were investigated. The methods of mass rearing and utilizing of Culex fuscanus were introduced. According to the experiments in the functional responses, the higher density of the prey was supplied for Culex fuscanus, the higher proportion of the 4th instar larvae of Aedes tilbopictus was consumed. The consumed number of the prey decreased when the natural enemy density increased. When offered a mixture of different species and stages of larvae of prey, the 411 instar larvae of Culex fuscanus prefered the 4th larvae of Aedes albopictus to Culex quinquefasciatus and prefered larvae to pupae of the prey. Size, density and mobility of the prey influenced the host selection of Culex fuscanus.更多还原