【作者】 许柯；

【导师】 曾光明；

【作者基本信息】 湖南大学 ， 环境工程， 2005， 硕士

【摘要】 重金属废水容易对环境造成污染,对人体和生物具有极大的危害性,目前使用的各种处理方法,都有各自的缺点和不足。胶团强化超滤是一种新型的处理金属离子废水的技术。本实验对胶团强化超滤技术处理含CrO4^2-和含Cd²⁺废水进行了研究,较为全面地考察了工艺参数对该技术的影响,并使用非离子表面活性剂Brij与SDS进行复配来降低表面活性剂的用量。实验结果表明,该技术设备简单、操作方便、适合处理低浓度金属离子废水且分离效率高,处理后出水水质好,可供回用,并且能够通过进一步处理回收浓缩液中的金属,具有很好的经济效益。 对含CrO₄^2-废水进行胶团强化超滤时,操作压强和溶液温度基本上对胶团强化超滤没有什么影响。表面活性剂浓度为3CMC时,Cr（Ⅵ）的去除率达到了94.93%。当使用CTAB对含CrO₄^2-废水进行胶团强化超滤时,加入电解质会降低对Cr（Ⅵ）的去除率。但是,当电解质浓度很小时,其对Cr（Ⅵ）的去除率可达92.13%,其对Cr（Ⅵ）的去除率的影响较小。添加表面活性剂后的溶液静置两天后,Cr（Ⅵ）的去除率为97.31%。酸碱度对Cr（Ⅵ）的去除率有一定的影响,pH值为3时,Cr（Ⅵ）的去除率为99.75%,而pH值为11时,Cr（Ⅵ）的去除率为97.86%。pH为5-7时是一个合适的pH值。 对含Cd²⁺废水进行胶团强化超滤时,SDS浓度低于8mM（CMC）时,对Cd²⁺是有一定去除的,而单纯提高SDS浓度是没有必要的。8mM为合适值。过高的操作压力并不能带来相应的高通量,操作压力存在一个临界值,当超过这个值时,滲透通量将不会再有明显增加。操作压力对截留率并没有明显的影响。0.08MPa较为合适。截留率随溶液pH值的升高而升高,能达到99%以上。随着溶液中NaCl浓度的增加,截留率一直呈下降趋势,最后趋于一个很低的恒定值。Brij与SDS进行复配,能够提高对Cd²⁺的去除率。更多还原

【Abstract】 It is easy that causes pollution to the environment by the waste water containing heavy metal,and it has great harmfulness to the human body and living beings. Various kinds of treatment methods used at present, all have one’s own shortcomings and deficiencies. MEUF is a novel technology which is used to treat wastewater containing metal ions.This research is based on dealing with the wastewater containing CrO42- and Cd2 + by MEUF,and it has investigated the effect on this technology by the process parameter comprehensivly, and used the mixture of the nonionic surfactant Brij and SDS to reduce the addition of surfactant. The experimental results show that,this technical equipment is simple,easy to operate, suitable for dealing with the low concentration metal ion waste water and the separate efficiency is high, the quality of treated water is good to be reused,the metal in the concentration also can be reclaimed through further treatment,so this teconology has very good economic benefits.While treating the wastewater containing CrO42- by MEUF,transmembrane pressure and temperature of the solution have little effect on MEUF. When the concentration of surfactant is 3CMC, the removal efficiency of Cr (VI ) is up to 94.93%. When using CTAB in MEUF to deal with the wastewater containing CrO42-, the addition of the electrolyte will reduce the removal efficiency of Cr (VI). However, when the concentration of electrolyte is very low, the removal efficiency of Cr (VI ) can be up to 92.13,it has little effect on the removal efficiency of Cr (VI ).After the solution added the surfactant settled for two days, alkalinity and acidity of the solution have certain influence on the removal efficiency of Cr (VI ),when pH is 3,the removal efficiency is 99.75%,and when pH is 11,it is 97.86%.It shows that it will be appropriate when pH is 5-7.While treating waste water containing Cd2 +,if SDS concentration is lower than 8mM (CMC ),it has certain effect on the removal efficiency of Cd +,but it is not necessary to increase the concentration of SDS in the solution blindly.8mM is a appropriate value.Too high transmembrane pressure can not bring the corresponding high flux, There is a critical value of transmembrane pressure.When exceeding this value,the flux of permeate will not increase obviously. The transmembrane pressure has no obvious influence on retention rate. 0.08MPa is appropriate. The retention rate更多还原