软岩巷道锚注支护机理分析及工程应用

【作者】 张连福；

【导师】 程桦；

【作者基本信息】 安徽理工大学 ， 矿业工程， 2005， 硕士

【摘要】 锚注支护技术是一种软岩支护新技术。其实质是通过注浆改善岩体的物理力学性能,提高锚杆的支护效果。具体体现在:(1)采用注浆锚杆注浆,可以利用浆液封堵围岩裂隙,隔绝空气,防止围岩风化,且能防止淋水和渗水,避免围岩被水浸湿而降低围岩的本身强度及造成的巷道变形。(2)注浆后浆液将松散破碎的围岩胶结成整体,提高了岩体强度,实现利用围岩本身作为支护结构的一部分,且与原岩形成一个整体,使巷道保持稳定而不易产生破坏;(3)注浆后使得喷层壁后充填密实,保证荷载能均匀地作用在喷层和支护上,避免出现应力集中点而首先破坏;(4)注浆后使作用在顶板上的压力能有效地传递到两帮,通过对帮的加固,又能把荷载传递到底板;同时由于组合拱厚度的加大,这样又能减小作用在底板上的荷载集中度,从而减小底板岩石中的应力,减轻底臌;(5)注浆加固后能使普通端锚锚杆实现全长锚固,它们共同将多层组合拱连成一体,共同承载,提高了支护结构的整体性。 本文就锚注技术国内外研究现状及目前存在的问题进行探讨,阐述锚注支护理论,并以淮北矿区桃园煤矿软岩巷道为依托,对整个矿区软岩巷道矿压显现规律进行分析,在此基础上,完成试验巷道注浆材料的组成及配比等锚注支护设计;其次,对试验锚注巷道进行了计算机数值模拟,分析锚杆、注浆及围岩的相互作用机理和应力变形分布规律;最后,通过现场监测分析,检验锚注支护应用效果并提出改进措施。本论文研究成果对改进软岩巷道锚注支护结构,丰富锚注支护理论与设计,促进锚注支护技术的发展具有重要意义。更多还原

【Abstract】 The technology of bolt-grouting support is a new kind of supporting technique in soft rock tunnels. The natural capacity of rock’s mechanics is improved by grout and the effect of support for bolts is increased. It is embodied concretely: (1) With the adoption of grouting bolts, the cranny in wall rocks can be blocked up, the air can be isolated, the wall rocks can be prevented to be weatherized and make water, the strength of wall rocks can also be avoided to be lowered; (2) The lax broken wall rocks are commentated to a whole by liquid after they were grouted and the rock’s strength is increased, so the wall rocks become a part of the support structure by using itself and become a whole with the original rock, and the roadway is made to keep stable but not easy to be broken; (3) The spray layer wall are filled with liquid after grouting, the stress is avoided to be concentrated because the load could be evenly acted on the spray layer and the support; (4) The pressure acted on the plank can be delivered to the two sidepieces and then to the bottom by reinforcing the sidepiece; At the same time, the concentration degree of loads acted on the motherboard can be weaken because of the enlargement of the combination arch’s thickness, as result, the rock’s stress is lowered and the heaving is alleviated; (5) The common bolt is made to be fixed the whole length after grouting, the layers are connected to a integral whole and bear the weight of loads, so the support structure’s unity is increased.The theory of the bolt-grouting support is explained in this paper with it’s present international condition, and on the basis of the analysis for the rule of soft-rock roadway’s pressure the laboratory experiments are done for the purpose of designation; Secondly, the testing bolt-grouting roadway is simulated by computers and the interact ional mechanism and the distribution regulation of the stress’s transformation among the bolt, liquid and wall rocks are analyzed; In the end, the application effect of the bolt-grouting support is examined by monitors analysis on site and the some improvable measures are put forward. This research result has an important meaning for improving the bolt-grouting support structure in soft rock roadways, enriching it’s theory and designation and promoting the development of it’s technology.更多还原