装药结构对爆炸能量传递影响的试验研究

【作者】 赵颜辉；

【导师】 傅菊根；

【作者基本信息】 安徽理工大学 ， 岩土工程， 2005， 硕士

【摘要】 本文详细地分析了岩石爆破中爆炸能量的传递和转化过程,探讨了炸药与岩石的能量匹配关系。运用岩石的断裂损伤理论,从宏观和微观的角度研究了爆炸载荷作用下岩体裂纹的扩展行为。较为系统地分析了炮孔内药包位置、不耦合系数、耦合介质等因素对爆炸能量传递的影响,运用爆轰气体动力学理论与应力波理论详细地描述了底部间隔和中部间隔装药爆破时,药包与孔底之间的空气柱的作用机理和两药包之间的空气柱的作用机理的区别。根据空气和水两种不同介质在物理性质上的差异,分析比较了空气不耦合装药结构和水不耦合装药结构对爆炸能量传递的影响,并通过理论计算得出两种装药结构爆破时孔壁处的入射压力、冲击压力以及爆生气体的准静态压力与不耦合系数的关系。利用实验室模型试验,对空气不耦合和水不耦合装药爆破时介质的受力、变形情况以及爆破块度分布情况进行了对比,验证了理论分析的正确性和合理性。总之,本课题的研究为装药结构的合理优化与爆炸能量的有效利用和控制提供可靠的理论依据。更多还原

【Abstract】 In this paper, the course of transition and transformation of blast energy in rock blasting were analyzed detailedly, the energy matching relationship of explosion between rock was discussed as well. Making use of the theory of rupture and damage of rock, the author macroscopically and microcosmically studied the spread behavior of rock cracks under the effect of blasting loads. The influence of such factors as the position of charge in the borehole, decouple coefficient, couple mediums, etc to transition of blast energy was analyzed by the numbers. Taking advantage of dynamics theory of detonation gas and the theory of stress wave, the author stated the distinction of effect mechanism of the air post of charge between borehole bottom and of the charge between charge when borehole bottom and middle discontinuous charge. According to the distinction of the two variable mediums of air and water in physics behaviors, the author compared the influence of the structure to blast energy of air decouple charge with that of the water decouple charge and obtained incidence pressure at the bore wall passion, shock pressure and the relationship of quasistatic pressure between decouple coefficient on theory. Using the model test in lab, comparing the pressure, distortion condition and the distribution of blasting blocks under the air-couple and water-decouple charge blasting, the author made clear the theoretical analysis was correct and reasonable. In conclusion, the study of this paper provided a reliable theoretical base to the reasonable optimization of charge structure and the effective usage and controlling of blast energy.更多还原