【作者】 刘宝；

【导师】 陈存及；

【作者基本信息】 福建农林大学 ， 森林培育， 2005， 硕士

【摘要】 随着社会经济的发展及人民生活水平的提高,市场对优质、珍贵阔叶材的需求量日益增加。闽楠(phoebe bournei)属樟科阔叶树种,是优质乡土阔叶树种,近年来由于木材奇缺,闽楠大径材的价格一路飙升。因此发展闽楠人工造林,前景是相当可观的。但由于闽楠这一树种初期生长缓慢,福建省目前有一定面积的闽楠人工林,但大部分林分生长都不是很好,经营效果不尽人意。本文通过对闽楠天然林与人工林进行调查研究,,总结闽楠成功造林的经验,对保护这一珍贵乡土阔叶树及开发乡土阔叶树种都具有一定的现实意义。 主要结果与结论如下: (1) 以三明市明溪县翰仙乡大岬坑洲的闽楠天然林为研究对象,研究闽楠天然林群落的数量特征及分布状况:采用“空间序列代替时间变化”的方法对闽楠天然林优势种群结构进行分析,并运用聚集度指标、Iwao方程和Taylor幂法则模型等方法研究珍稀濒危植物闽楠(phoebe.bournei)的空间分布格局及动态。结果表明:①闽楠天然林物种组成丰富,体系结构合理,闽楠种群具有较大的重要值,为主要建群种:②在闽楠天然林的优势种群结构上,闽楠种群结构呈金字塔形,为增长型种群,而沉水樟、黑壳楠、红楠种群结构呈倒金字塔形.为下降型种群;说明闽楠种群在群落中处于优势地位,有较强的竞争优势。③在空间分布格局及动态上,闽楠种群呈随机分布,分布的基本成分为闽楠个体,在种群成长过程中,分布格局从聚集向随机型转化。 (2) 采用对数级数模型对闽楠天然林物种多度进行预测与检验,结果表明:该群落的物种多度分布遵循对数级数分布规律。采用多种丰富度、多样性指标对群落物种多样性进行了比较分析,表明该闽楠天然林群落乔木层的物种相对贫乏,灌木层物种相对丰富,群落还尚处于不稳定阶段。 (3) 根据2×2联列表,运用方差分析、联结系数AC、x~2统计量、Ochai指数、Dice指数和Jaccard指数等系列技术,测定闽楠天然林群落乔木层中19个乔木种群间的总体联结系数、各种对间联结显著性和关联系数。研究结果表明:闽楠天然林群落乔木种间联结测定使用上述系列技术效果极佳,多物种整体间联结性为显著的负联结;AC值计算出正联结种对有49对,负联结种对有121对,1对完全独立:x~2统计量检验了171对,其中0对呈现极显著的正联结,9对呈现显著的正联结,34对呈现极显著的负联结,13对呈现显著的负联结:主要优势种群闽楠(P.bournei)与枫香(L.formosana)、南酸枣(C.axillaris)、苦槠(C.sclerophylla)等三个种群形成极显著负联结,与乌冈砾(Q.phillyraeoides)、狗芽锥(C.lamontii)、椤木石楠(C.lamontii)、苦楝(M.azedarach)、杜英(E.decipiensyo)、桂花(O.fragrans)、木荷(S.superba)、尖叶水丝梨(D.dunnii)等8个种群形成显著正联结,与其他种群联结程度较弱。 (4) 在闽楠保护小区内以闽楠及其伴生树种在正常林分和伴生树种为优势种组成的阔叶林分中的优势度为环境容纳量,用重要值百分数求取种间竞争系数,采用Lotka-Volterra竞争方程研究闽楠的共优种群(闽楠及其伴生树种)种间竞争关系。结果表明平衡时,闽楠及其伴生树种相对优势分别为76.85%和23.15%,说明闽楠种群在天更多还原

【Abstract】 with the improvement of living standards of the people and the development of social economy, The demand for high-quality , precious broad leaf material of the market increases day by day. phoebe bournei belonging to Lauraceae family.is High-quality broad leaf trees, in recently,because of the timber being very scarce. The price of the large foot-path material of phoebe bournei rises violently all the way. thereforce developing afforest of phoebe bournei artificially is very considerable, because of phoebe bournei growth slowly in Initial stage,most of the forest of phoebe bournei grows bad., in this text, through making investigations to wiidwood and artificial forest of phoebe bournei and including experience that succeeds in afforesting of phoebe bournei have certain realistic meanings in protecting phoebe bournei . The main result and conclusion following:(1) Regard phoebe bournei wiidwood in mingxi as the research object, Study the quantity characteristic of phoebe bournei wiidwood community and the state distributing. Adopt the method that " the space array replace time and change " to analyse population’s structure of phoebe bournei wiidwood and Use such methods as one degree of indexes , Iwao equation and Taylor exponential rule model ,etc. study rare endangered plant Space distribution pattern and trends of phoebe bournei. the result show:(1)The wiidwood of phoebe bournei make up abundantly , the system structure is rational , phoebe bournei population has greater important value, is main plant;(2)On the advantage population’s structure of wiidwood of phoebe bournei, the structure of phoebe bournei population takes the form of Pyramid, for the increasing type population,however,the stucture of the other population takes the form of inverse Pyramidjs descending type population,indicate that the population of phoebe bournei is dominant in the community.(3) in the space distribution pattern and dynamic,the population of phoebe bournei appears random distribution, the basic composition distributed is phoebe bournei, In the course of growing up in the population. Distributed pattern transformed from assembling to the random type .(2) Adopt logarithm progression model predict and examine to wiidwood species large degree, the result show : Community this species many degree is it follow logarithm progression distribute the law to distribute . Adopt many kinds of abundant degree , diversified index to carry on comparative analysis to community’s species variety , Indicate this species of layer of phoebe bournei wiidwood community arbor is relatively poor, the floor species of the bush is relatively abundant. the community is still at unstable stage.(3) according to 2*2 United tabulate, Use analysis of variance , connection coefficient AC, such serial technology as statistics amount , Ochai index , Dice index and Jaccard index ,etc.determine the overall connection coefficient among 19 arbor populations in phoebe bournei community arbor layer,the result shows: phoebe bournei community binds determining among arbor kind, uses above-mentioned serial technology to be dandy, The binding is bound for the remarkable negative among whole many species; AC value is it positive bind kind to have 49 , is it negative bind kind to having 121 pairs , 1 pair is at all independent to shoulder to calculate out; The counting amount has examined 171 pairs, Among them 0 pairs present extremely remarkable straight connection, 9 pairs present remarkable positive connection, 34 is bound to presenting the extremely remarkable negative , 13 is bound to presenting the remarkable negative;(4) In this paper ,the percentages of important value of Phoebe bournei and its associated species are regarded as the measure of the competitive parameter ,and the dominant degree of normal stands are regarded as their environmental capacity.the final results of competition of inter-species are discussed with the Lotka-Volterra equation of competition ,which shows that the relative dominant degree of Phoebe bournei and its associated species are 76.85% and 25.15% respectively when reaching their balance .Here mixed trees can jointly dominate this community, and the whole community is controlled by Phoebe bournei population.(5) Carry on researching the characteristics of niche of 12 main populations in phoebe bournei communityo the result show: phoebe bournei, L.megaphylla ,M.thunbergii, are wide niche varieties of treeso E.japonieus are the narrow niche varieties of treeso phoebe bournei and niche have greater similar degree than the wide varieties of treeso It is apt to form the mixed forest with these broad leaf varieties of trees ? The competitions of different ones are not very violent in the community, the community is still in unstable state.(6) The provenance test on 21 provenances of P.bournei from 2 provinces such as Fujian and jiangxi Province,was carried out in mingxi nursery garden. With statistical methods ,such as variance and correlation analysis,the genetic variations of P.bournei were studied,based on the investigation of 1-year-old seedling traits from different provenance.The results showed there were abundant variations within the P.bourneiand significant or very significant differences among provenances in seedling height,diameter,lateral branch,dry/wet weight of stem or root etc.The variations were mainly controlled by genetic factors.There was very significant correlation between different organs of seedling of different provenacnes in biomass distribution.According to this analysis,6 superior provenances were tentatively selected.They were longnan,yifengji an Jianganshan,Shangyou and youxi ect,whose average genetic gain of their height and diameter were 19.16% and 20.3% respectively.The selection effect was striking.(7) The result of management to phoebe bournei artificial forest is studied, the result show: The demand for standing against of phoebe bournei is comparatively stricto Suitable for growing setting up in U II grade, and the downhill path is better than to hit slopes , go up a slope to growo Thereforce afforestation of phoebe bournei must choose good standing , Especially downhill path? According to the result of investigation phoebe bournei mixed forest is better than the pure forest growth,suit to build pure forest, the masson pine relatively更多还原