【作者】 赵小青；

【导师】 黄红武； 宓海青；

【作者基本信息】 湖南大学 ， 机械设计制造及其自动化， 2005， 硕士

【摘要】 高速加工技术是顺应现今社会需求多变,节奏快速发展的先进制造技术之一。高速加工机床是实现高速加工的前提和基础。开展高速加工机床动态性能分析和结构优化设计研究是对高速加工技术发展有重要影响的一项关键性课题。 本文分析了国内外高速加工机床在动态性能分析及结构设计方面的发展状况,结合结构动力学原理,提出了机床结构分析研究的具体切入点,形成了超高速磨床动态性能分析和结构优化设计的整体研究思路。 文章主要以提高结构动刚度、避免整机共振为目标,分别从机床关键部件、机床结合面、整机三个层次对150m/s超高速平面磨床进行了动力学分析,并做出了相应的结构改进研究。 本文首先利用有限元法与动态测试相结合的方法对机床关键零部件进行了动态性能研究。在此基础上,利用方案比较法针对结构薄弱环节进行改进分析。研究表明:改善筋板的位置和形状是提升结构固有频率的关键,其意义比单纯增加筋板厚度或数目更为重大;运动部件的改进要注意质量参数与提升固有频率的协调关系;部件改进应结合具体的边界条件(如约束,载荷等)进行。根据上述研究结果对机床主要的薄弱环节提出了具体的结构改进措施。 随后本文重点利用有限元法与动态测试相结合的方法对超高速平面磨床整机动态性能进行了系统研究。特别是在考虑各个结合面动力参数的基础上进行了机床整机的动力学建模,利用动态测试对模型进行了验证。通过对整机模型进行固有特性及动力学响应研究,分析了机床的主要薄弱环节并提出结构改进意见。研究表明,机床整体性能的改进单单从部件入手是不充分的,机床结合面对整机的性能有着决定性的影响,如床身与立柱的整体铸造对于提高整机的固有频率其作用远大于单个部件的改进。整机结构改进应从结合面的角度多做考虑。 本文为超高速平面磨床的研制整合了一套有效的结构动力分析改进方法。该工作同时为超高速平面磨床结构改进提供了参考依据。更多还原

【Abstract】 The HSM (High Speed machining) technology is one of the advanced manufacture techniques for the changeful society need and the fast step development. The HSM machine with good performance is the foundation for the applications of HSM. Therefore, the dynamic behavior analysis and the structural optimal design of the HSM machine is one of the crucial problems, which have important influence upon the development of HSM technology.This paper makes an analysis of the development and actuality of the dynamic analysis and structure optimal design for HSM machine in the country and the abroad as well. And on the base of the structure dynamics, the crux of the machine structure analysis has been concretely put forward and an integrated research method for the dynamic behavior analysis and structural optimal design of the Ultra high-speed grinder comes into being.Aiming at improving the vibration resistance ability and avoiding the possible resonance of the structures, this paper carries out the dynamic analysis for the 150m/s ultra high-speed surface grinder from three aspects respectively, that is, the key components of grinder, the machine joints and the whole machine, and upon which relative structural improving designs have been researched.Firstly, in the paper the FEM and dynamical experiments are both applied to the structure characteristic studies of the grinder components and based on which aiming at the weak parts of the structures some improving designs are tried and analyzed by comparison method. By analysis it is found out that the improvements of ribs position in the structure and the forms of the ribs are the crux of natural frequency increase, which are more important than just increasing the number or the thickness of the ribs; and the optimal design of movable components must take the weights of the parts into account; furthermore, the boundary conditions, such as the restriction condition and the loads, also need to be calculated for the components optimal design. Finally, according to the analysis results some specific improvement designs are advanced.And then the whole machine of 150m/s ultra high-speed surface grinder is studied systemically by the FEM and the dynamical experiments in this paper. Specially, the whole machine FEM modal is constructed by considering the dynamical parameters of machine joints and the model had been verified by dynamic experiments. By mode analysis and harmonic response analysis of the whole更多还原