康德和海德格尔论存在与形而上学

【作者】 李宝文；

【导师】 赵天成；

【作者基本信息】 黑龙江大学 ， 外国哲学， 2005， 硕士

【摘要】 “Sein(存在)”问题,是整个西方哲学的基本问题。康德从纯粹理性批判出发,运用先天综合判断,判定“Sein”只是一个逻辑系词,证明了旧形而上学的不可能。他消解了“Sein”的实在谓词特性,但却没有进一步追问“Sein”之“无”。海德格尔从此在的生存论出发,通过对本源时间的分析,认为时间澄明着“Sein”的本真意义。“Sein”不是存在者,而是“非存在”,由此,海德格尔建构了追问“无”的形而上学。海德格尔扬弃康德的“Sein”,使“Sein”在语言中回到自身。然而,此时的“Sein”,却被困顿于“语言之家”中。海德格尔试图用诗意的语言释放存在,却忽视了交互时间与交互事实。“Sein”走出自身,超越诗意,只能在语言交互生成中得到澄明。更多还原

【Abstract】 "Sein (being)", is the basic question for the whole western philosophy. With a priori synthetic judgment as principle, Kant judged "Sein" as merely the copula of a judgment from the critique of pure reason, which demonstrates the impossible of old metaphysics. But with the destruction of real predicate characteristic of "sein", he did not question further the "nihility" of "sein". Heidegger started from the Existential of Dasein , concluded that time clears away the authentic meaning of " sein" by means of the analysis of authentic time. " Sein" is not an entity but "non-existence". Heidegger thus established the metaphysics of questioning "nihility". Heidegger sublated the "sein" conception of Kant, and made " sein" come back to itself in language. However, the present "sein" is fettered in " language family". Heidegger tried to release being with poetic language, but he overlooked the intercross time and intercross fact. " Sein" walks out of itself, transcends the poetic, but could only be cleared away in intercross generation of language.更多还原