【作者】 梁俊玉；

【导师】 严铸云；

【作者基本信息】 成都中医药大学 ， 生药学， 2005， 硕士

【摘要】 彝药“都拉”在四川、云南彝族地区被广泛用来于解毒,解酒醉,解鸦片毒,尤其解救因误食乌头属植物而中毒的人和家畜,疗效确切。但各地作都拉使用的植物种类复杂,据报道在四川、云南使用的都拉就包括毛茛科、唇形科、川续断科等4个科的12种植物,最常见的为乌头属中的紫乌头、拟玉龙乌头、黄草乌等。由于乌头属植物多含有毒的双酯型生物碱,若品种错误,就会造成中毒加深,延误生命。所以调查整理都拉的原植物,探索其解毒的机理,对保证其用药的安全有效具有重要意义。 在对川滇两省彝族地区的品种调查后发现都拉的原植物有6科16种。新发现作都拉使用的原植物有宽肾叶老鹳草、齿片玉凤花、短距舌喙兰。都拉的主流品种为紫乌头。通过对紫乌头（Aconitum episcopale Lévl.）、拟玉龙乌头（Aconitum pseudostapfianum W. T. Wang）和宽肾叶老鹳草（Geranium platyrenifolium Z. M. Tan）形态、组织学的研究,发现了三者的区别特征,制定了分种检索表。 药理研究表明紫乌头的LD₅₀为54.35g/kg,拟玉龙乌头的LD₅₀为7.16g/kg,在对六种都拉对抗乌头碱作用的比较后,发现紫乌头、拟玉龙乌头、宽肾叶老鹳草和商品都拉均有一定的抗心律失常作用,以紫乌头的作用较好,紫乌头抗心律失常的有效部位为95%乙醇部位和总碱部位。从而认为都拉的正品应为紫乌头。 从紫乌头石油醚提取部位分离出胆甾醇,从其抗心律失常有效部位分离到藜芦酸和一种生物碱塔拉萨敏。其中胆甾醇和塔拉萨敏为首次从该植物中分离得到。 进一步证明藜芦酸为预防心律失常的有效成分。 综上所述,通过对都拉资源、形态组织学、抗心律失常有效部位和有效成分的研究,为都拉品种的整理和质量标准的建立与进一步开发利用奠定了基础。更多还原

【Abstract】 "Dula",a herb of Yi nationality often used to prevent from poisoning ,drinking and opium addiction, especially to save people and domestic animals that are poisoned for having eaten the Aconitum ssp. by accident, and its effect is much in evidence.There are twelve plants of the genus Aconitum, family Labiatae and family Dipsacaceae plants in Sichuan and Yunnan. The Aconitum plants are a terrific poison for most of them containing double ester alkaloid. Several Aconitum ssp. Are used as Dula in some zone, if variety is error, it can cause some unnecessary death, so it is very important to learn the original plant of Dula firstly. The more research can be done in the future.Based on the abundant field observation and the collected species,we found that original plant of Dula inclide six families and sixteen species,its main species is Aconitum episcopale Levl. .After researching about characteristic and histology of Aconitum episcopale Levl. ,Aconitum pseudostapfianum W.T.Wang and Geranium platyrenifolium Z. M. Tan, we set up key point for identification of the species.According to traditional way, the extract of Dula was tested for its toxin by method in mice, the extract indicated that the LD50 of Aconitum episcopale Levl. is 54.35g/kg and Aconitum pseudostapfianum W. T. Wang is 7.16g/kg. Six kinds of Dula were as tested for its resist arrhymia by aconitine. The result shows that Aconitum episcopale Levl. , Aconitum pseudostapfianum W. T. Wang and Geranium platyrenifolium Z.M.Tan have certain effect to the arrhythmia.In same method ,we found effect parts were 95% ethanol part and total in five extract parts of Aconitum episcopale Levl.Roots of Aconitum episcopale Levl. was investigated about its chemical component. Cholesterin,Veratric acid, Talatisamine were isolated. There components could be assigned by their IR, MS, ¹HNMR, ¹³NMR. Cholesterin and veratric acid were separated from Aconitum episcopale Levl. firstly.Veratric cid is a kind of effect component that can defend arrhythmia.更多还原