【作者】 吕盈盈；

【导师】 吴国蔚；

【作者基本信息】 北京工业大学 ， 国际贸易学， 2005， 硕士

【摘要】 亚当·斯密是英国古典时代最杰出的经济学家之一,是公认的古典经济学的奠基者,在人类经济思想史上占有重要的地位,是当代西方主流经济学的重要渊源并对马克思主义经济学产生过重要的影响。因此,对经济自由思想展开深入的研究具有重要的理论价值。本文针对传统研究中对道德伦理思想重视不够的相关方面,力图进行初步的研究。本文认为:要想全面深入地研究斯密的经济理论,就必须认识到:(1)斯密是时代的思想家,他的理论是时代的产物,为了准确地把握斯密的经济思想,应对他所处的时代背景与时代思潮对斯密本人思想成长过程中的影响进行考察;(2)斯密的经济自由思想是其整个社会思想体系的一个有机组成部分,故需结合其思想体系的渊源与发展历程、探讨其各个体系之间的关系以更好地理解其经济理论;(3)斯密时代的苏格兰启蒙思想对后世经济自由主义的发展有着重要的影响及启示,与当代自由主义思想“自发秩序”有着不可割断的起源与延续、发展关系,因此,从纵向探讨斯密经济自由思想的发展,很有研究必要和价值。基于上述认识,本文拟分为三大部分,前两部分分别从时代背景、方法论和理论渊源及其理论内涵的角度对斯密的经济自由思想进行研究,第三部分则在此基础上,将对斯密思想在后来的发展与延伸、斯密思想的影响与评价,以及对中国经济建设的现实意义展开研究。在本文的第一部分(第二章),试图从时代背景入手,确定斯密思想的方法论基础,并对斯密的伦理思想和经济著作所构成的整个体系作一简要的概览,旨在对斯密的经济思想进行深入研究时,能够提供一个清晰的整体框架。在本部分的最后,本文对后世争论较大的,具有重要现实意义的所谓“斯密问题”进行了简要的探讨,认为这一问题在斯密的思想体系里并不存在。本文的第二部分(第三章)是对斯密的经济自由思想进行勾勒和描述。在正式剖析斯密经济自由思想的内涵之前,拟先对斯密思想体系的渊源问题进行分析与梳理。本文认为,斯密的思想体系在形成过程中吸收了各种时代流行思潮中的有益思想,而最终使得孕育于整个体系中的经济学理论脱颖而出,形成为相对独立完善的经济科学,开启了现代经济学发展的新时代。本文在第三部分(第四章)研究斯密的经济自由思想的发展、影响及评价,更多还原

【Abstract】 Adam Smith is one of the most famous classical economists, and his thought of economics has made great influence on the follows and current economics. It is worth to study it in order to deepen and expand our economic research vision. This analysis attempts to study the economic thought of Adam Smith by a new point of view of which was neglected in the past times. We claim that Smith’s economic theories were the results of his times and just part of his whole thought system. We organized our thesis in four chapters to explain the significance that claimed. Chapter two attempts to study the condition, background and research method of the performance of Smith’s thought system, and scan the whole skeleton of the system. Finally, we will reconsider some historical argues about the conflict presumption between Smith’s ethic works and his WN, which is so called “Adam Smith Problem”, and finally reach the conclusion that there is no inconsistency in Smith’s system and the claim is the product of late misunderstanding. We analyze the source of the economic thought of Adam Smith and the economics meaning of Invisible Hand in the Third chapter. In this chapter, the author believes that the thought system of Adam Smith was inherited from the traditional mainstream doctrines. Inspired and helped by the popular thoughts then, Smith made a great contribution to the economic theory. In Chapter Four, we study the development of Smith’s economic thought and the appraisals for it. Finally we attempt to obtain some beneficial essence from Smith’s thought system from which will be valuable and helpful to China’s process of market economy.更多还原