【作者】 何颖；

【导师】 康天放；

【作者基本信息】 北京工业大学 ， 环境工程， 2005， 硕士

【摘要】 有机磷农药目前广泛应用于农业、工业、医药等领域,并引起环境、食品污染等问题。绝大多数有机磷农药具有很强的毒性,经过皮肤、呼吸以及肠胃吸收等途径进入机体会引起严重的疾病。要预防和处理有机磷农药引起的环境、食品污染等问题,最有效的策略就是及时、准确检测有机磷。近年来,有许多关于有机磷农药残留的检测方法的文献报道。本文利用酶抑制原理,采用生物传感器和分光光度法快速检测有机磷农药残留。主要包括以下四个方面的内容: 1.综述了有机磷农药残留的检测方法。其中主要的方法包括:光谱法、色谱法、酶抑制法、免疫法和生物芯片技术。光谱法和色谱法是监测检验部门分析有机磷农药的主要方法,而酶抑制法则更适合于基层单位的快速检测,免疫法和生物芯片技术代表未来的发展方向。2.将乙酰胆碱酯酶交联于醋酸纤维膜上,制备成生物传感器。通过固定酶量、底物浓度、酸度等方面优化了该传感器的制备条件和工作条件,发现对硫磷农药在3.43×10-10～3.43×10-5 mol/L 的浓度范围内,抑制率与其浓度对数值呈线性关系,检测限为2.45×10-10 mol/L。当用于实际样品中对硫磷农药的测定时,取得了较为满意的效果。3.采用一种简便有效的方法,从鸡脑中提取乙酰胆碱酯酶,通过国家标准方法对酶的活性进行检测,效果满意。利用酶抑制原理,采用分光光度法测定有机磷农药含量。对酸度、酶的用量、显色剂用量以及时间、温度等条件进行了优化,发现对硫磷、辛硫磷和氧化乐果在1.0×10-3～10 mg/L 的浓度范围内,抑制百分率与其浓度的对数值呈线性关系。检测限分别为5.7×10-5mg/L、3.3×10-4mg/L 、2.0×10-5mg/L。实验结果表明该方法用于实际样品测定时,效果满意。4.分别从京2 号和9428 号小麦中提取小麦酯酶,利用酶抑制原理,采用分光光度法测定有机磷农药含量。对吸收曲线、酸度、酶的用量、显色剂用量以及时间、温度等条件进行了优化,发现使用京2 号小麦酯酶,对硫磷在1.0×10-6~10mg/L 的浓度范围内,抑制率与其浓度对数值呈线性关系。使用9428 号小麦更多还原

【Abstract】 Organophosphorus pesticides are wildly used in agriculture, industry, medicine etc and lead to a series of problems of environmental pollution and food contamination. The major organophosphorus pesticides have strong toxicity. Contacting with organophosphorus pesticides and absorbing by skin, respiratory system and gastrointestinal tract lead to severe disease. One of the most important preventive measures in this case is to rapidly and accurately determine the residues of organophosphorus pesticides in real samples. In recent years, there were some reports about the fast determination to organophosphorus residue. This article was based on enzyme inhibition principle and used biosensors technique and spectrophotometry to determine organophosphorus residue. It was devided into four sections below: 1. The methods of determination to organophosphorus residue were reviewed. The major methods were: spectrum, chromatograph, enzyme inhibition, immunology and biological chip etc. Spectrum and chromatograph were the major methods to determine organosphorus pesticides, enzyme inhibition was better for the grass-root unit to use, immunology and biological chips represent the developing derection of the study field. 2. Acetylcholinesterase was cross-linked on an acellulose acetate membrance and assembled to biosensors. The determination conditions were optimized such as immobilization amount of enzyme, substrate concentration and buffer solution acidity. It was found that, when in the concentration range of 3.43×10-10～3.43×10-5 mol/L, inhibition percentage versus logarithm of parathion concentration were linear and detection limit was 2.45×10-10 mol/L. The method presented in this paper had been applied in the determination of parathion in vegetables with satisfactory results. 3. Acetylcholinesterase was extracted from chicken brain by a simple, effective method. The activity of enzyme was tested by national standard method and got a更多还原