【作者】 王琳；

【导师】 顾钢；

【作者基本信息】 天津师范大学 ， 英语语言文学， 2005， 硕士

【摘要】 Be在语法中的地位一直众说纷纭。在传统语法中,系词被视为二元谓词,表示两个参与者之间的某种关系。在生成语法中,系词被视为功能词,用于实现某种语法功能,没有任何语义含义,不需要任何论元来填补谓词语义上的空缺。Bowers(1993)认为be是Pr的表现形式,而Becker(2004)认为系词be应分为屈折be和动词be两种,但两者均认为be选择小句做其补足成分。本文认为系词是轻动词的一种,选择NP,PP,AP作其补足成分。此外,本文对英语be进行了重新的分析,认为be分为助动词be和动词be,后者再细分为主动词be和轻动词be;轻动词be可进一步划分为系词be和表示存在的be,如下图所示: 本文采用Lasnik混合分析法分析轻动词be和主动词be,认为前者从词库中选出时已具备抽象特征,而后者从词库中选出时是光杆形式。更多还原

【Abstract】 In the literature, the status of be is far from clear. The copula be is regarded as a two-place predicate in traditional Chinese grammar (Li 1972, Tsao 1996, Cheng 2002, etc.). The function of predicate is defined to express a certain relationship between two participants. In generative syntax, a copula is analyzed as what lacks lexical-semantic content. And it does not need any participants to fill the gaps of the semantically incomplete predicate. Therefore be is not a predicate at all, but belongs to a functional category. Bowers (1993) regards be as a Pr (predication), head of a functional category, considering that modal verbs can appear before the copula, as shown in (1):(1) John may/must/could be insane/a good fellow.Becker (2004) further analyzes copula and assumes that be falls into two categories: Infl be and the main verb be. Although difference exists between Bowers (1993) and Becker (2004), they all assume that be selects a small clause (SC) as its complement. In this thesis, we argue that copula be is a light verb v-he, selecting a NP, AP or PP as its complement instead of a small clause.We assume that be falls into two categories: Aux be and the Verbal be. We suggest that the Verbal be could be further classified into the main verb V-be and the light verb v-be with Lasnik’s (2003) hybrid approach which assumes (i) that the main verb V-be is bare in the lexicon, and can merge with the affixal Infl at PF under adjacency condition; and (ii) that the light verb v-be is pulled from the lexicon fully inflected, and must be checked against the strong featural Infl through overt raising. We propose that be can be classified as follows:更多还原