试论社会主义初级阶段的中等收入者

【作者】 张春花；

【导师】 余金成；

【作者基本信息】 天津师范大学 ， 科学社会主义与国际共产主运动， 2005， 硕士

【摘要】 中等收入者的崛起,是中国在社会主义初级阶段实行社会主义市场经济体制改革的重要产物。研究这一群体的形成、现状和发展,是关系实现中国社会主义近期目标——小康社会和长远目标——共同富裕的重大理论和实践问题。 首先,本文从相关理论的溯源及使用背景入手,将中等收入者和与其相关的几组概念,包括中产阶级、中产阶层、中间阶层,在经济学、政治学和社会学意义上进行了辨析,说明了使用中等收入者概念的原因。 其次,结合当前学术界对中等收入者的内涵及其划分标准的研究现状,本文提出城乡居民六等分的依据和方法,将本文研究视野中的中等收入者概括为一类仅次于亿万富翁和百万富翁的高收入者,在经济特征上,类似于西方世界流行的“中产阶级”;在其划分标准上,确立了以收入作为划分不同群体的依据,衡量标准采用质与量相结合的方法,从质上看,中等收入者的收入应能全部或绝大部分通过借贷、继承等方式支付房产、教育、医疗、高档消费等支出,并具有可持续增长的收入能力。从量上看,坚持城乡统一划分标准,从平均收入上看,家庭每个成员(有劳动收入能力的)年薪4—50万,可视为中等收入者。 再次,以社会实践生活为基点,总结了当前中等收入者自身的八大特点:预测了这一群体发展的几种态势;具体阐述了中等收入者在实现共同富裕、社会稳定、政治民主化以及人的全面发展方面所具有的意义及作用。 最后,深刻反思当前中等收入者在形成和发展过程中存在的问题及困境,提出通过发展教育、繁荣经济、改革税制、完善配套改革制度等几方面,扩大中等收入者比重,实现社会主义现代化建设目标。更多还原

【Abstract】 The rise of the medium-income group is an important product of the establishment of the socialist market economy at the primary stage of socialism in China. The study on its past, present and future is an important theoretic and practical problem concerning the short-term goal of China’s socialism-well-off society and the long-term goal-common wealth.Firstly, starting with the origin and background of some relative theories, the paper differentiates politically, economically and sociologically the medium-income group and some conceptions related, including the middle class, the middle stratum, and the intermediate stratum, and explains the reasons with the conception of medium-income group is employed.Secondly, referring to the present study on the connotation of the medium-income group and its measurement of dividing, the paper puts forward the basis and method of the sexenary division of the citizens and defines of the medium-income group as a group of people whose income is just lower than the millionaire and billionaire, Similar to the "middle class" popular in the western countries in economy and politics. As tar as the measurement is concerned, the paper sets up the measurement considering both the quality and quantity on the basis of income. From the point of view of quality, the medium-incomes should be able to pay for the real estate, life-lone education, medical care and luxurious goods all or mostly by their personal income, inheritance or loan form banks. In addition, they should be capable of keeping their income rising steadily. From quantity, the measurement should be carried out both in cities and countrysides. According to the average income, the family, whose members can get the annual income of RMB 40,000-500,000 individually, may be considered to be medium-incomer.Thirdly, taking the practical social life as the foundation, the paper summarizes 8 characteristics of the medium-income group, predicts several trends of its future development and illustrates specifically the significance of the group in the process of realizing the common-wealth, society stability, political democracy and the free and all-round development of human being.Finally, the paper introspects deeply the problem and the problems and the predicament the medium-income group face in its forming and developing, then points out the way to increase the number of the medium-incomers and realize the goal of the socialist modernization construction by developing education, prospering economy, reforming tax system and perfecting related reform systems.更多还原