【作者】 石崇；

【导师】 毕卫国； 高文乐；

【作者基本信息】 山东科技大学 ， 岩土工程， 2005， 硕士

【摘要】 爆破灾害预测与控制一直是工程爆破界所研究的一项重要课题。其中尤以爆破地震危害以其复杂性、隐蔽性、普遍性最受人们关注。本文以淄博市博山区白杨河电厂灰坝爆破振动安全监测项目为依托,在理论分析的基础上,结合大量的现场实测数据,对露天开挖爆破在远区的振动强度、频谱特性、持续时间及这些参数与爆破参数的关联性进行了分析,改善了爆破振动峰值速度预测的精度,在已有的研究工作基础上进行了深入、系统的分析。 针对爆破振动信号持时短、非平稳的特点,本文创造性的利用傅立叶分析与小波包分析相结合,对爆破地震波在频域、时频域的频谱特征、能量分布进行了分析。研究了爆破振动能量多主频分布规律,进一步指出了地震波的传播特征。 在动力学理论分析的基础上,将爆破振动作为一个动力响应过程,研究了不同幅值、主振频率和持续时间地震波作用下单自由度体系响应的变化规律,并将之运用到爆破振动破坏评价中。通过与天然地震的比较,解释了当今爆破地震破坏判据不能正确评判的原因,对当前爆破地震破坏判据中的不合理之处提出了改进方法,同时在对爆破地震波进行细分的基础上,考虑地震波多主频特征,对当前的速度-频率相关联破坏判据进行了精度上的改进。 最后,将研究结果结合起来,利用单自由度体系的地震反应方程为载体,将各频带上的最大振幅和主频率作为输入求出叠加响应,用多主频响应与当前破坏判据中的安全状态作比较来评判结构是否会发生破坏,总结出了一套基于小波包分析的多主频响应判别方法。该方法系统而创造性的研究,对于推动爆破地震监测、预报走向生产应用,具有重要意义。更多还原

【Abstract】 The prediction and control of blasting casualty is always an important subject in engineering blasting field, especially the hazard of blasting seismic is focused more attention on. In this paper, according to the safety monitoring of excavation blasting in the project of Baiyanghe dam, Boshan area, Zibo city, on the basis of theoretical analysis and combined with vast field measured data, the transmission rules of blasting seismic, spectrum characteristics , blasting lasting time and their relations with blasting parameters are analysed and strength prediction accuracy is improved. Profound and systematic analysis are developed on the basis of others’ researches.Due to the characteristics of blasting signal of short lasting time and nonstationarity, Fourier analysis and Wavelet packet analysis are creatively combined in analyzing blasting seismic spectrum, energy distribution in frequency field and time-frequency field. The multi-mater-frequency characteristic of blasting seismic energy and the transmission characteristic of blasting seismic wave are studied.In this paper, Blasting vibration can be looked upon as a motivate load for structures on the basis of theoretical of dynamics. The rules of response of single-degree-of-freedom system under different peak velocity, master frequency and lasting time are studied and applied in damage criterion. Through the comparing with nature seismic, the reasons of misrepresentation in appraising blasting earthquake by present blasting damage criterion are discussed, and methods are proposed to improve the irrationality. First the blasting seismic wave is subdivided into several bands by Wavelet packet transform, vibration amplitude and master frequency can be got on every band, so blasting vibration can be considered synthetically and the calculation accuracy are improved. Use the earthquake response equation of single degree of freedom as a carrier, the maximal amplitudes and master frequencies derived from every bands as inputs, the superposed response is computed. if the multi-master frequency response is compared with the value of safe state under present blasting seismic damage criterion, decisions can be made to conclude whether damages occur. The systematical and creative researches of the method of appraising blasting seismic damage is of great value to promote blasting seismic monitoring and casualty prediction into practice.更多还原