【作者】 方学蜜；

【导师】 吴泉源；

【作者基本信息】 山东师范大学 ， 自然地理学， 2005， 硕士

【摘要】 土地是人类社会赖以生存的最基本、最重要的生产资料之一,是国家最重要的战略资源,随着社会的发展与进步,土地资源的合理和有效利用变得越来越重要。我国人口众多,土地资源有限,现在耕地和其后备资源相对不足,如何合理、高效开发和利用我国的土地资源,关系到国民经济和社会可持续发展战略的顺利实现。土地资源管理业务所涉及到的土地信息数量巨大、来源多样、变更频繁,建立高质量的土地资源数据库势在必行。本文以国家自然科学基金“山东省海岸带陆海作用及人类活动的环境影响与生态效应”(40271001)和龙口市土地利用数据库更新的课题为支撑,以龙口市为例,利用国际先进的RS、GPS 和GIS 技术,建立龙口市新土地资源数据库,然后与龙口市原有的土地资源数据库进行对比,并分析其土地利用变化情况,进而对其土地利用结构的优化配置进行研究。具体内容包括:1.全面系统的总结了国内外土地资源数据库建立的理论和方法,在此基础上设计了龙口市土地资源数据库。根据现有数据的特点,制定了科学合理的技术路线。直接在计算机上进行解译和修改,解决了数据重复录入、介质变形和扫描误差等问题,提高了数据精度。在详细分析数据库建立的目标、条件及各个步骤的基础上,通过数据库总体设计、资料的收集预处理、数据采集、数据处理、数据入库等环节建立了2004 年龙口市土地资源数据库。2.龙口市原有的数据库是山东农业大学建立的,受到资料和条件的限制,原数据库存在几何精度差、标准不统一、现实性差等不足。通过土地资源新旧数据库的对比分析,详细讨论了新旧数据库在栅格图像质量、矢量数据精度、数据拼接和图形属性一致性上存在的差异,以及数据现实性的差异。结果表明:新建立的数据库采用了更为高效的技术手段和高分辨率的遥感图像,克服了原数据库的不足,完全能满足新标准提出的要求。3.通过对龙口市2004 年土地资源数据库中土地利用数据的分析,可以看出龙口市土地资源利用现状和土地利用中存在的问题。对比历年来土地资源数据库中的数据,利用转移矩阵、多元时空序列马尔柯夫链等方法对龙口市的土地利用变更多还原

【Abstract】 The land, on which the people and society existing depend, is one of the most basicand important means of production and is the most important strategic resource ofnation. With the development and improvement of the society, to use the land resourcereasonably and effectively has become more and more important. In our country, thelarge population, the limited land resource, insufficient cultivated land and its reserve,how to make use of our national land resource rationally and efficiently relates to theactualization of the national economic strategy favorably. The information of land,which relates to the management operation of land resource, is magnitude、the source isdiversiform、the change is frequent. So it is essential to found the good quality databaseof land resource.The article, a case Longkou county, based on the national natural sciencefoundation “the environment affect and ecological effect of terrestrial and sea ,peopleaction to coast zones in Shandong”and the land use database of Longkou countyupdating, used the international advanced technique——RS、GPS 和GIS, establishedthe new land resource database of Longkou county, contrasted it with the old ones,analyzed the land use change, and then studied the rational distribution of the land usestructure. The concrete content including:1. Summarized comprehensively the theories and methods both here and abroadand designed the land resource database of Longkou on this basis. According to thecharacteristics of the existing data, made the scientific rational technical line. Solved theproblems of inputting data repeatedly、medium distorting and scanning error, etc, andimproved the precision of the data. Based analyzing the goals, conditions, steps of thedatabase established in detail, set up land resource database of Longkou county in 2004by the taches of the database designed as a whole、the information gathered andpretreated, the data collected, processed and putted in storage, etc. 2.The already existing database of Longkou County was set up by ShandongAgricultural University. For limited information and condition, it has much shortcomingthat geometrical precision is bad, the standard is not unified, and the reality isinsufficient. By contrastive analysis of the new and old land resource databases,discussed the differences that the new and old databases exist on the quality of gridimage, the precision of vector data, the data jointing, the coherence of figure propertiesand the reality of data. The result shows: The new database has adopted morehigh-efficient technological means and high-resolution remote sensing image, andovercame the deficiency of the original databases, and can totally cater for the requestof the new standard. 3.Through analyzing the data in the land resource database of Longkou in 2004,see the current utilization situation of land resource and the problems existing. Bycontrasting the land resource databases over the years, used transition matrix、multivariate space-time array—Markov chain, etc, methods to analyze the land usechange of Longkou county, and predicted the variation tendency in the future, and thenput forward advices for the optimum distribution of the land use structure. The resultshows: There is too little cultivated land area of Longkou, the orchard and building sitesare larger in area, and the tendency is continuing. Its main driving forces are Populationgrowth, industrialization, urbanization, economy and the irrational mechanism of landmanagement. If change this kind of current situation, must fully bring into playgovernment’s function, rational planning, and strict management; Fully use the methodsof economic lever, land reclamation and land consolidation to increase the cultivated更多还原