【作者】 刘文华；

【导师】 侯福林；

【作者基本信息】 山东师范大学 ， 课程与教学论， 2005， 硕士

【摘要】 表现性评价是当前教育测量界研究的一个热点领域。简单的说,表现性评价就是通过学生自己给出的问题答案和展示的作品,来判断学生所获得的知识和技能。表现性评价成为热门课题的直接与现实原因是出于对以选择题为代表的标准化测验的不满,认为选择性测验题只能测验学生知道什么,而不能测验学生能做什么。近十多年来,美、英、加、香港和台湾等一些国家和地区的学者在理论探索的同时,已经参与到数十个表现性评价的研究项目中,来考察传统纸笔测验通常难以考察的那些技能、技巧。当前,表现性评价已成为美国,加拿大等国学生学业成就评定特别是课堂评定的主流形式。事实上,表现性评价以其明确的评定标准,灵活的评定方式以及有效的评定结果在国际科学教育中正日益受到重视,特别是在科学实验的教学中。相比之下,我国对实验能力的评价还停留在没有实验室背景的纸笔测验的方式上,实验的考评作用主要是服从于学生的学业考核,这种学业考核所运用的纸笔测验试题中包含一定比例的“实验题”,考察的重点是学生对实验原理、实验步骤、实验器材和实验现象的识记能力。换一句话说,是把实验能力这样涉及知识性、技能性、情感态度等多个目标领域的学习成果,只当成了知识性的学习成果。实际上,实验工作需要较高的、较全面的能力和素质,实验教学目标的多重性也必然要求评价方法的多元化。学生实验是一项复杂的表现性活动,与之相适应,对其进行表现性评价成为可能。另外,相对于基础教育而言,由于没有升学压力,在高校实验教学中,实验教学的评价不用于选拔分流之类的教育决策过程。所有这些,给教师在高校实验教学中采用表现性评价方法提供了可能性。因此,高校实验教学评价要采用多元化评价方式,改变过去单一的纸笔测验的评价方法,在科学实验的日常教学中引入表现性评价,来测查和提高学生的科学实验能力。本研究的目的就是从高校植物生理实验入手,在科学实验的教学中进行了表更多还原

【Abstract】 Performance assessment is one of the most focused areas in educational measurement. In brief, performance assessment is to assess students’knowledge and skills through answers and products that students present themselves. It becomes the most focused area because of the negative effects of the standardized test. The multiple-choice test items only can evaluate what the students know, but cannot evaluate what the students can do. In the latest ten years, many scholars in America,England, Canada, Hong Kong and Taiwan have done much theory explorer on the performance assessment. They also have participated in a lot of research work to assess the skills and abilities that the traditional paper-and-pencil test cannot do. Now, performance assessment has been widely used in American and Canadian schools, especially in the class assessment. In fact, because of the clear criteria, flexible approaches and effective results, performance assessment has become more and more important in the international science teaching, especially in the experiment teaching. On the other side, in China, most science experiment assessments are conducted with paper and pencil in non-laboratory settings now. There are several items in the paper-and-pencil test to evaluate the knowledge about experiment principles, procedures, materials and phenomena. The items cannot reflect the full range of the laboratory experience, which are concerned about cognitive domain, affective domain and psychomotor domain, not only the knowledge domain. In fact, the science experiment work is an involved performance task and it needs more abilities and qualities of students. The multiple objects of experiment teaching also require the multiple assessments. In addition, there is less stress of tests in universities than in middle schools. All these factors make it possible to use the performance assessment to evaluate the science experiment in university. Thus, teachers must use the multiple assessments to authentically assess and improve science laboratory skills of student,not only the paper-and-pencil test. The purpose of this research is to use the performance assessment in plant physiology experiment class in the university. The goal of the performance assessment is to assess and improve students’laboratory skills, including the experiment design, observation, operation and reasoning. It also includes assessing更多还原