农产品质量法律规制研究

【作者】 刘小红；

【导师】 胡光志；

【作者基本信息】 西南政法大学 ， 经济法， 2005， 硕士

【摘要】 在崇尚优越生活质量的今天,人们对农产品的消费需求已向着优质、营养、安全的方向发展。然而这一需求与我国目前的农产品质量状况极不协调,有毒大米、注水猪牛肉等问题农产品严重威胁着人们的身体健康、生命安全,也成为我国农产品国际贸易竞争力增强的障碍,甚至影响着农业的发展和社会秩序的稳定。如何解决这一矛盾,是当今亟待研究的重要课题。本文正是基于此立足点而展开论述的。文章主要包括以下几部分: 一、农产品质量问题的提出 本部分介绍了产品、农产品以及农产品质量的概念,通过分析国际上对产品及农产品质量规制的法律现状和我国《产品质量法》的调整范围,指出了我国对初级农产品、初级加工农产品质量法律规制的漏洞,明确了我国将制定的农产品质量法的调整范围为初级农产品以及仅经过初级加工的农产品,且此处农产品范围采广义说,即包括种植业部门的产品、畜禽产品、林产品、水产品、狩猎产品和采集产品。并针对我国农产品质量现状,对我国农产品产生种种质量问题的法律原因进行了分析,第一,法律意识上的原因。如农产品生产者、经营者淡薄的法律意识,消费者维权意识差,不懂得、不善于运用法律手段维护自身权益;第二,法律制度上的原因。缺乏一部系统的规制农产品质量的基本法,现有的法律法规滞后,协调性、配套性差,立法层次较低等;第三,法律实施上的原因。如不严格执法,对农产品质量违法行为听之任之,甚至执法腐败。文章指出,由于目前的农产品质量现状,有必要制定一部农产品质量法,对其质量进行规制,以防止问题的继续产生和扩大。 二、农产品质量法律规制的学理分析 本部分主要从法理角度、社会学角度对农产品质量立法寻找依据。文章指出对农产品质量进行立法规制,源于人的安全需要、健康权的需要、国际竞争力增强的需要。安全是人类生存的基本前提,人类只有自身安全得到保障,才能谈及其他;健康权是人身权的一项重要内容,是享有其他一切权利的基础,是与生俱来的权利;国际农产品贸易的竞争,既是价格竞争,更是质量安全优势的竞争。秩序价值、正义价值是农产品质量立法的重要价值。农产品质量法律制度通过规定农产品生产者、经营者的义务,建立并维护农产品生产者、经营者自身诚实信用的行为和他们之间平等、有序的市场竞争关系;农产品质量法保障了广大消费者的权利,同时又兼顾弱势农业生产者利益,促进共同发展,保障共同福利,体现了农产品质更多还原

【Abstract】 Recently, the quality problem of agricultural products has become a topic of debate amongst various people and nations. The rice with poison, meat with water which are doing great harm to people, these agricultural quality problems even disserve the strength of competition in international trade of agricultural products. The most important task at the moment is building a basic law to regulate quality of the products. The author has researched this important topic and her findings are as follows:Part one mainly says the concept of products, agricultural products and the quality of agricultural products, then analyses the current status of agricultural products qulity in China and the possible jural causes. There are three jural reasons, such as lacking of consciousness of law, lacking of a leagl system, no basic law to regulate quality of the products, and some problems in implementing the laws.Part two mainly says the basis of agricultual products legislation from a jurisprudential and sociology perspective. Agricultual products legislation is root from the demand of human safety, health and building up international competitive strength. Health right is also an important right of human beings, which is the basis of other rights. The value of order and justice are also the two important values of agricultural products quality law. With setting up the obligations of the producers and businessmen, the agricultural products quality law establish a fair competitive environment among them. The law safeguard the right of farm producers and consumer which embodied the justice valve of the law. And then analyses the relationship between the agricultural product quality law and the product quality law. This article points out that there are some different between product qulity law and agricultural product quality law, so it’s necessary to constitute agricultural product quality law.Part three, this part gives a presentation of the laws and regulations on agricultural product quality abroad compares the basic regulations and administrative organizations in U.S.A, European Union, Japan and South korea. It points out the disadvantages existing in related regulations in China. It’s necessery to legislate an agricultural product quality law in China. And then estalish auniform adminstrative organization which is attached to agricultural department. This organization manage all the work of agricultural products quality.Part four, it discusses in two aspects. Firstly, it puts forword the premise of agricultural product law, such as choosing the most appropriate law, establishing a serf-contained legal system, and defining the responsibility of agricultural products qulity. Secondly, it puts forword the specific basis of a framework for laws and legislation in regard to agricultural product quality law. The author elaborates the basic prinsiples of the law, protecting both right of the farm producer and consumer, combining quality management system with quality responsibility system. The author analyses the concept and characters of agricultural quality responsibility, the composing of the responsibility, and then elaborates the quality management systems, such as the standardization system, the checking and quarantining system, the market admittance system, the classification system, the producing area management system, the envirmonment inspecting system and so on.更多还原