【作者】 陈广辉；

【导师】 茹广欣； 王军辉；

【作者基本信息】 河南农业大学 ， 森林培育， 2005， 硕士

【摘要】 青海云杉(Picea crassifolia Kom)是我国青藏高原东北边缘特有的森林建群树种,也是我国西北地区造林和城市绿化的重要树种。然而,青海云杉实生苗前期生长缓慢,结实较晚,实生种子园由建园到生产出可用种子需时极长,致使青海云杉良种苗木供不应求。目前,国内外正在尝试用大规模无性繁殖最好的杂交种和推行无性系造林,来增加可靠的遗传增益。本文针对云杉采穗圃营建和扦插繁殖关键性问题进行试验研究,为云杉无性系林业发展进一步拓宽道路。 云杉幼龄苗木发枝弱且少,大龄苗木上的枝条生根较难,是云杉无性系林业迅速发展的障碍。本试验对5年生和7年生青海云杉苗木进行不同的修剪,并配以不同的生长调节剂和不同浓度的激素(6BA和GA3),对其主干和侧枝上的芽进行处理,初步探讨了青海云杉采穗圃营建的技术和方法,及发展云杉采穗圃应该采用的相应的有效措施。处理后对青海云杉苗木各调查指标数据分析得出:去主干项和带有下部芽的侧枝的顶的修剪方式,较适合青海云杉采穗圃的建设和发展,对采穗母株总体发枝效果较好;修剪能够明显的增加新梢上芽的数量;对苗木进行主干上仅留3-6个芽的重剪,由于发枝过少而不适合应用于青海云杉采穗圃的营建和发展;6BA和GA3对青海云杉的芽和枝条的生长发育有较好的促进作用,抽枝宝在各个修剪处理表现均最差,甚至对青海云杉芽的萌发和枝条的延长生长有抑制作用。 利用不同浓度的ABT1、IBA、NAA三种激素及其混合液,对青海云杉硬枝插条进行不同时间的处理,通过对不同激素以及其混合液对青海云杉一年生硬枝插条处理后生根类型、生根性状差异、萌芽情况和穗条腐烂情况进行调查显示,青海云杉硬枝扦插插条生根的三种类型:皮部生根、愈伤组织生根、愈伤组织和皮部双向生根。从所得数据分析得出,促进青海云杉硬枝插条生根效果较好的处理是B61(IBA 250ppm处理12h):综合年龄和位置效应试验得出:用7年母株下部枝条扦插的H12(IBA 250ppm 4h)效果最佳。由于IBA对促进云杉生根效果较好,本试验对IBA影响青海云杉硬枝插条生根进行了较细致的研究,结果证明在低浓度的IBA处理插条情况下,青海云杉插条生根率随处理时间的加长而显著增加;高浓度的IBA浸泡穗条基部条件下,其生根率是先增后减。生根率与根系效果指数、单株平均生根数以及总根长均呈明显的正向相关性,但不是绝对地表现一致,苗木质量评价应由各指标综合决定。文章还讨论了在IBA处理下插条上部芽的萌发与插条生根之间存在的相关关系,上部新生的嫩梢在一定程度上有助于插条的生根。 青海云杉硬枝插条生根存在年龄效应和位置效应,青海云杉硬枝插条生根率和根系效果指数均随母株年龄的增大而降低;处于树冠下部的枝条生根显著优于位于树冠上部的枝条,一级侧枝的生根明显优于二级侧枝更优于顶芽穗条。对不同年龄母株上的硬枝插条中酚类物质、糖类物质和穗条中所含的内源激素含量测定得出:(1)邻苯二酚和儿茶酸在枝干和针叶中的含量均随母株年龄的增加而增加,表明邻苯二酚和儿茶酸对青海云杉硬枝插条生根可能有抑制作用。(2)枝干和针叶中三糖含量随母株年龄增大而增加,而葡萄糖含量却呈下降趋势,表明随着母株年龄的增大,枝条的代谢活力有所减弱。(3)Z、ZR在母株年龄较小的枝条中含量较高而在大龄母株枝条中含量更多还原

【Abstract】 Picea crassifolia Kom is a kind of proper forest social tree speciesin the northeast of Qingzhang altiplano in China ,it is also an important plantation and city virescence tree species in the northweast of our country.However, the growth of Qinghai spruce seedlings is quite slowly during its young period flourishing seed-production period is so late, from establishment to harvesting for seed orchard will go on for a long time ,these make the demand for well-bred seedlings of Qinghai spruce exceeds supply.At present , a lot of counties in the world are trying to increase reliable genetic plus with larde-scale vegetative propagating the best hybrided species and practicing clonal plantation. Some key techniques and measures for cutting orchard establishment and cutting propagation of Picea crassifolia Kom were researched in this paper,meanwhile, it will widen further the road for the development of spruce clonal forest.Cuttings from the older trees root quite difficultly ,different treatments applying to 5-year-old or 7-year-old stocks by pruning and smearing buds on leaders and lateral branches with different growth ragulator and different concentration’s 6BA and GA3 were practiced in this experiment with different methods, some techniques and correspondingly effective meatures to cutting orchard establishment and development of Picea crassifolia Kom.The data of all investigation indices to spruce stocks treated show: pruning method to decapite leaders and lateral branches with lateral buds is the best one to estiblishment and development of cutting orchard of Picea crassifolia Kom, it is more practicable to make the whole mother-plants grow and develop fully.Prunning can significantly increase the number of buds on the shoots.6BA and GA3 also can better prompt the bud and branches’ growth and development of Picea crassifolia Kom. Chou-zhibao is the worst treatment regulator ,it even,to some sense,had controlled the budbreak or shoot’s extension of Picea crassifolia Kom.Beca.use of only producing less branches ,the pruning only preserving 3-6 buds is not suitable to estiblishment and development of Picea crassifolia Kom.In order to resolve the problem of cuttings hard rooting in large-scale cutting propagation of Picea crassifolia Kom, different hormones, such as ABTi > IBA, NAA and their 200ppm mixed solutions and so forth, are used in this experiment to treat the hardwood cuttings of Picea crassifolia Kom within different treatment time.and then those cuttings were insert these cuttings into medium, after 75 days, rooting type, difference of rooting characteristics, situation of budbreak and rotting status of cuttings’ base had been investagated, all results show: Three rooting types of hardwood cuttings of Picea crassifolia Kom are discovered,respectively rooting from bark, rooting from callus and rooting from the tow-way (named from bark and callus). Comparing the difference of rooting, breaking bud and rotting in the base of cuttings among different treatments with different hormones and their mixed solutions to I-year-old hardwood shoots in Picea crassifolia Kom. Finding out the best hormonal treatment to prompt cuttings to produce most and best roots is B61 (IBA250ppm 12h), however, considering cuttings’ property ,the best treatment among the whole experimentation is H12 (EBA 250ppm 4h), which is practiced with the downside branches from 7-year-old mother-plants.Because of IBA better treatment effect, EBA treatments to influence the hardwood cuttings rooting of Picea crassifolia Kom were researched more detailedly in this paper. Results show: the rooting rate is increasing with treatment time prolonging under lower cncentration condition; the rooting rate is at the beginning increasing and then decreasing when IBA concentration is higher. The rooting rate and root effect index > mean rooting number and sum root length present all significant positive correlation,but this is not completely same, all indexes will eventually determine stock quality together. At the same time, the relationship between the budbreak of the apical buds and the rooting of cuttings was discussed: the apical shoots be helpful to cuttings rooting to a certain extent.Hardwood cutting rooting of Qinghai spruce exist age effect and position effect, hardwood cutting rooting rate and root effect index of Qinghai spruce both are increasing with mother-plants aged increase; the rooting rate and root effect index of branches from lower crown are significant higher than that of branches from higher crown;the rooting effect of cuttings from first-order lateral branches is better than that of cuttings from second -order lateral branches, and their rooting effect both are better than apical shoots. As results更多还原