【作者】 蔡香丽；

【导师】 李振江； 甄卫军；

【作者基本信息】 新疆大学 ， 化学工艺， 2005， 硕士

【摘要】 本文以储量极为丰富的新疆夏子街中低品位膨润土矿为原料,进行了湿法提纯、钠化改型、有机化以及深加工应用方面的研究。首先对膨润土原矿进行了矿物学和物理化学性质的测试和表征,结果表明夏子街膨润土的三个不同矿样均属于中低品位矿,但其物理化学性能较好,具有良好的开发应用前景。其次,采用不同的提纯工艺对不同矿样进行提纯研究。对于乌兰陵格矿PRT-3 膨润土通过自然沉降的湿法提纯工艺后,蒙脱石含量可达93.40%;采用高速离心湿法提纯工艺则可制备蒙脱石含量达99%以上的高纯钠基膨润土。对于日月雷矿PRT-2,通过自然沉降法选矿,可使蒙脱石含量达到87.19%。同时,对钙基膨润土人工钠化进行了研究。结果表明NaF 是一种较为理想的钠化剂。在优化条件下钠化改型的膨润土,其CEC 可达67.88 mmol/100g 土,比原矿提高24mmol/100g 土,其它理化性能均得到改善。通过有机化插层改性研究, 结果表明: 当插层剂量在85mmol-90mmol/100g 土,凝胶性能较好。通过红外(FTIR)、X-衍射(XRD)和扫描电镜(SEM)表征了有机土微观结构。FTIR 谱显示有机插层剂已进入膨润土的层间,XRD 特征峰位移表明膨润土的层间距由1.23nm 增加到3.26nm。SEM 观察到有机土粒层厚度约为72nm 左右。热失重表明膨润土原矿与1631 的离子交换量为71.13mmol/100g 土,与CTAB 的离子交换量为73.34mmol/100g 土。最后,测试了有机膨润土在钻井油基泥浆和涂料中的性能指标,其各项指标均已达到应用要求,说明中低品位膨润土矿开发做高性能有机土有较好的应用前景。更多还原

【Abstract】 In this dissertation, the studies were finished on wet process of purification,modification, organizing and its application of low-to medium-grade bentonite from Xiazijie Bentonite Mine which possesses abundant reserves. Firstly ,the mineralogical and physicochemical properties of Xiazijie bentonite were tested and characterized. It was proved that the three samples belonged to all low-to medium-grade sodium-type bentonite,which can be developed and used widely because of good physicochemical properties. Secondly , each sample was studied by purification with different technics.The content of montmorillonite reached 93.40% after the bentonite(PRT-3) from Wulanlingge was purified by natural sink with water.The content of montmorillonite of bentonite(PRT-3) from Wulanlingge reached 99% by high-speed centrifugal. The content of montmorillonite of bentonite(PRT-3) from Riyuelei reached 87.17% after natural sink. Meantime, the study of the modification of calcium bentonite was made .It was shown that NaF was one kind of good sodium salt for modification .Its CEC reached 67.88mmol/100g bentonite and was improved 24 mmol/100g compared to crude mine when the bentonite was modified in optimum process condition. It can be shown from organizing that the properties of gel was better when the ratio of HDTMA to bentonite is 85-90 mmol per 100g bentonite.The structures and morphology of the organo-bentonite were characterized by Fourier-transformed infrared (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD) ,scan electron microscopy (SEM) and TG. FTIR scan showed that the HDTMA was intercalated into the silicate crystal layers of the clay. Increase in the spacing between the adjacent silicates layers from 1.23 nm to 3.26 nm were determined by XRD.It was observed by SEM that the organo-clay was less compact in comparison with the original samples, and the dimensional scale of the clay particles were dropped into the nano-level, it was suggested that the spacing of layers reached about 72 nm. TG shew that the CEC between the crude clay and 1631 was 71.13mmol/100g , the CEC between the crude clay and CTAB was 73.34mmol/100g .Consequently, the organo-clay was applied in the preparation of oil based drilling mud and in dope. Organobentonite basically is up to all quality index, and showed good to excellent performance in all compulsory test items. It was demonstrated that the development of low-to medium-grade clay into high performance organo-bentonite was practical.更多还原