【作者】 胡风平；

【导师】 张校刚；

【作者基本信息】 新疆大学 ， 物理化学， 2005， 硕士

【摘要】 在碱性电池中,碱锰电池具有容量高、工作电压比较稳定、低温性能较好、贮存寿命长等优点,其应用最为广泛。锌-空气电池则以其大容量、高能量密度、成本低、放电稳定等优点成为另一研究热点。本论文第一章综述了一次碱性电池的特点及研究进展,并对碱性固态电解质进行了介绍。第二章为碱性一次电池正极材料的研究,包括三部分: 1. 碘酸铜的合成及其对电解二氧化锰的改性作用。研究发现,碘酸铜具有很高的放电容量,但是放电平台很低。当将10%碘酸铜用于电解二氧化锰的改性时,发现放电容量可获得44.9%的提高。2. 碘酸铜对铜酸银的改性作用。研究表明,将碘酸铜加入铜酸银后,其放电容量明显增大,并与加入碘酸铜的量有关。3. 不同合成方法对碘酸铜形貌及电化学行为的影响。固相合成的碘酸铜具有小棒堆积而成的微球结构,其性能明显优于液相合成的碘酸铜。第三章为锌-空气电池氧电极催化剂电极材料的研究,包括五个部分。1. 共混型碱性聚合物电解质的制备及其在锌空气电池中的应用。采用浇铸法制备了一种共混型碱性固体聚合物电解质（BASPE）,其电位稳定窗口在+1.2V 至-1.2V 之间,室温下离子导电率接近10-1s/cm。2. 二氧化锰微球材料的制备和应用。采用化学还原法制备了具有交错网状结构的二氧化锰微球,以其为氧电极催化剂可提供更大的机会和空间,因而具有更高的催化活性,且可支持测试体系在大电流密度下放电。3. 活性物质含量对复合催化剂性能的影响。测试结果说明催化剂中活性物质的最佳含量在2⁵%之间是最好的。4. Ag-MnO₂/SWNTs 和Ag-MnO₂/AB 氧还原复合催化剂的制备及应用。电化学测更多还原

【Abstract】 Alkaline manganese batteries with high capacity, stable work voltage, good low temperature property and long service life were widely used in all the primary battery. Zinc-air cell had also become another research focus because of its high capacity and energy density, low cost and stable discharge behavior. In the first chapter of this thesis, the characteristics and research evolution of alkaline primary battery and alkaline solid state electrolyte were summarized. The second part shows the studies of a new kind of cathode electrode materials in alkaline primary battery and consists of three parts as following: 1. Preparation of Cu（IO₃）₂ and its modifying effect for MnO₂ electrodes. The results indicated that the discharge capacity of MnO₂ electrodes modified with 10% Cu（IO₃）₂ could be enhanced significantly up to 586.4mAh/g in 40% KOH electrolytes. 2. Preparation of Cu（IO₃）₂ and modification to AgCuO₂ for alkaline primary cell. The discharge capacities of mixtures of Cu（IO₃）₂ and AgCuO₂ electrodes were sharply improved when their discharge voltage were only a little descend in comparison to the pure AgCuO₂ electrode due to additive Cu（IO₃）₂. 3. Enhanced electrochemical properties of Cu（IO₃）₂ prepared by solid-state reaction method were observed in alkaline electrolytes. The Cu（IO₃）₂ prepared by solid-state reaction method showed the enhanced electrochemical properties, and the actual discharge capacity reached to 891.5mAh/g. The third chapter has five parts about the polymer electrolyte and electrocatalysts of zinc-air cell. 1. Preparation and application of alkaline solid-state polymer electrolyte for zinc-air cell. Blend type alkaline solid-state polymer electrolyte （BASPE） was prepared by更多还原