【作者】 蒋佳杰；

【导师】 刘为；

【作者基本信息】 浙江大学 ， 行政管理， 2004， 硕士

【摘要】 民主是当代世界普遍的追求和目标,但民主不仅仅是一句口号。本文认为民主的实现不仅有赖于理念及原则的确立,而且更需要一系列制度的设计及操作。其中,选举制度是最为重要的一种设计和操作。选举制度促进了横向民主的实施与普及,而且也是纵向民主的起点。本文从民主的操作层面出发,以选举制度的发展史为理论背景,力图分析、评价并比较各种选举制度,以期能真正认识各种选举制度设计的出发点,各种选举制度的优缺点及适合的环境,并提出一些选举制度设计应考虑的原则性的建议,以帮助大家对选举制度有一个更为全面的了解。 在研究过程中,本文以微观结构功能主义(即中等层次理论)为主要的分析方法,为了试图克服该法偏重共时性而忽视历时性的倾向,本文有意强调选举制度的设计是一个发展的过程。为了增加文章的特色,作者根据选区规模来划分选举制度,而且在介绍各种选举制度时采用层次递进的方法以增加文章的连贯性,并穿插一些史料说明有哪些制度曾经在中国使用过。更多还原

【Abstract】 Democracy seems to be the most commonly shared value system in today’s political world. However, democracy is not merely a slogan. This author argues that to achieve democracy, not only democratic ideas and principles have to be established, but a whole set of practical institutions and technical devices has to be designed accordingly. Among such devices, the electoral system, which has made possible the implementation and popularization of horizontal democracy and is the jumping-off point of the vertical democracy, is the most important of all. Starting from the operational aspect of democracy and taking into account of the development of the various electoral systems, the author tries to compare these systems in both their present-day forms and what they appeared in the past?, and analyze their merits and weaknesses and what they mean to today’s democratic practice. Based on these findings, this author attempts to put some insights into the designing of future electoral systems.In order to facilitate analysis, micro-structural functionalism (namely medium-sized level theory) is taken by the author as the main method of study. Because such theory tends to emphasize on the present-day status and disregard the continuity of development, the author stresses that the shaping of an electoral system is a process as opposed to a single action of designing.Historical material is also used to describe the electoral systems that have been introduced into China at times.更多还原