【作者】 孙九光；

【导师】 韩巨才；

【作者基本信息】 山西农业大学 ， 农业昆虫与害虫防治， 2004， 硕士

【摘要】 本研究以大戟科植物雀儿舌头为实验材料,用多种有机溶剂和不同提取方法对雀儿舌头的根进行抽提,用抽提物及其萃取物分别对危害蔬菜的重要害虫--小菜蛾进行了生物活性测定及几种酶活性的影响,实验结果如下: 1.用同一溶剂不同的提取方法进行提取,以索氏提取法提取率最高,以甲醇为溶剂的提取率为21.83%,其次为冷浸法,为19.45%,温浸法提取率最低,为15.45%;而用同一方法不同的溶剂提取,则提取率大小顺序为甲醇>氯仿>石油醚。2.在小菜蛾幼虫的拒食作用测定中,发现无论是选择性拒食活性还是非选择性拒食活性,三种提取物以氯仿提取物的拒食活性为最高,其24h 的非选择性AFC50为14.64mg/mL;其次为甲醇,AFC50为21.73 mg/mL;石油醚提取物的活性最低,AFC50为32.45mg/mL。氯仿提取物对小菜蛾幼虫的生长发育有一定的抑制作用,在10mg/mL 浓度下、处理4 天后其抑制率为36.17%;对小菜蛾幼虫的胃毒毒杀作用,以石油醚、氯仿提取物活性较高,处理后48h的校正死亡率分别为14.69%、14.17%;而三种提取物对小菜蛾幼虫的触杀作用都非常弱;对成虫的产卵忌避率以甲醇提取物为最高,可达7.69%,其他两种提取物无产卵忌避率。3.本实验选择氯仿抽提物(CCE)进行分离纯化,通过萃取分离发现,以非水萃取物(NCEW)的萃取率87.06%为最高,依次为水萃取物(CEW),丁醇萃取物(CEB) ,非丁醇萃取物(NCEB)。对萃取物进行生物活性追踪实验,表明非丁醇萃取物具有较高的生物活性,在10mg/mL 浓度下、24h 的拒食率为86.52%。更多还原

【Abstract】 The root of Leptopus Chinensis(Bunge) Pojark, belonging to Euphorbiaceae, was extracted with petroleum ether, chloroform and methyl alcohol by different methods. Insecticidal activitives of crude extracts and fractions against Plutella xylostella were tested, and its effects on activities of several enzymes from the pest were evaluated. 1.The results indicated that Sohxlet was the most effective extraction method, the extract rate with methyl alcohol was about 21.83%, and that of warm soaking and cold soaking were 15.45%、19.45% respectively. With the same extraction methods, the extract rate of methyl alcohol was the highest, the second was chloroform, and petroleum ether was the lowest. 2.Results of antifeeding experiments showed that chloroform extract possessed the strongest antifeeding activities against the pest, whether in no-choice or in choice tests. The AFC50 was 14.64mg/mL 24 hours after treatment in no-choice tests, but AFC50 values of petroleum ether and methyl alcohol extracts were 32.45mg/mL, 21.73mg/mL, respectively. Results of inhibition effectiveness to the growth and development of pest indicated that chloroform extract had stronger inhibiting activities than the other two extracts. The inhibition rate was 36.17% at the concentration 10mg/mL after 4 days treatment;In the stomach poison tests, both petroleum ether and chloroform extracts had better bioactivities, the corrected morality of them at 48 hours after treatment were 14.69%, 14.17%, respectively. But the contact poison effectivrness of all three extracts were low. The methyl alcohol extract had a certain oviposition deterrence activity against Plutella xylostella adults, but the other two extracts didn’t have. 3.The chloroform extract was selected to separate and purify in the experiment. The sequences of extract rate were NCEW>CEW>CEB>NCEB by partition in liquid extraction method. The NCEB fraction was identified to be the most active as detected by bioactivities, which antifeeding rate was 86.5% at the concentration 10mg/mL after 24 hours treatment. Thin layer chromatography (TLC) analysis was used to research the suitable constitutes and proportion of spread solvent, which can separate NCEB. The results indicated that the更多还原