【作者】 高丽红；

【导师】 张淑娟；

【作者基本信息】 山西农业大学 ， 农业机械化工程， 2005， 硕士

【摘要】 精细农业作为现代农业的新思想,其应用前景已在国际上形成共识,本文在充分了解精细农业及其农田信息处理方法发展现状的基础上,基于精细农业的技术思想,利用GPS和GIS技术研究土壤与小麦籽粒产量信息的采集与表达。本文对农田信息变化规律的研究,有利于经济有效地进行农业生产精细管理。 本论文的主要研究内容有:1)由GPS定位,按50m×50m设置网格,采集63个样点的土壤特性与小麦籽粒产量信息,利用GIS软件Arcview3.3中的克立格法、样条法、距离反比法三种插值方法,针对采集的信息,绘制其空间变异分布图,并计算其均方差,定性和定量地研究和确定了最优的插值方法,该方法是克立格法;同时利用Surfer7.0软件绘制各种信息的三维等值线图,更加直观、立体地反映了农田信息的空间变异性。2)利用Surfer7.0软件绘制碱解氮、速效磷、速效钾和小麦籽粒产量不同采样方案的克立格等值线图,定性地确定了合理的采样方案,该方案是50m×100m和100m×100m。3)运用简单相关、灰色关联分析方法和粗糙集理论,分析了土壤特性对小麦籽粒产量的影响。简单相关分析表明:籽粒产量与土壤中的含水率、有机质、全氮、碱解氮、速效磷、速效钾、容重、电导率和pH值具有极显著的相关性;灰色关联分析得出土壤特性与籽粒产量的关联序为:速效钾>碱解氮>速效磷>含水率>pH>有机质>容重>电导率=全氮;粗糙集理论分析得知土壤特性与籽粒产量的关联序为:碱解氮>速效磷=含水率>速效钾>全氮>有机质=容重>电导率。总之,影响小麦籽粒产量的重要因素为:碱解氮、速效磷、速效钾和含水率。该成果可为农田的定位施肥、灌溉等农业精细管理提供依据。更多还原

【Abstract】 The precision agriculture as a new idea of modern agriculture have been known all the world. On the basis of understanding the processing status of farm information , soil property and wheat yield was collected and conveyed by GPS and GIS technology and the relation of them was studied based on precision agriculture technology . The spatial distribution of farm information was laid out. The main soil property affecting yield was analyzed qualitatively and quantitatively. The study aiming at the variable regulation of farm information can help agricultural precise management economically and effectively.The contents of the paper in : l)With the help of GPS, 63 sampling points of soil property and wheat yield was collected with a 50m grid; the spatial distribution of available N, available P, available K and yield were drawn using IDW, spline and kriging methods in Arcview3.3 and Mean Square Error of these interpolation data were calculated. The best interpolation method was analyzed and decided qualitatively and quantitatively which is kriging; And the 3-D contour map was drawn by Surfer7.0 in order to reflect the spatial variability of farm information. 2)The kriging contour map of field information in various grid sampling schemes was laid out by Surfer7.0 , the rational sampling schemes was decided qualitatively which is 50m×100m and 100m×100m. 3)The effect extent of soil property for wheat yield was analyzed by using correlation analysis, grey associate analysis and rough sets theory. The correlation analysis showed that wheat yield and the water content, soil organic matter, total-N, available N, available P, available K, bulk density, electrical conductivity and PH value possess very distinct relativity; the result of grey associate analysis showed that the associate order between soil property and wheat yield was: available K > available N> available P> the water content> PH > soil organic matter> bulk density> total-N=electrical conductivity; the result of rough sets theory showed the order associate order was: available N> available P = the water content> available K> total-N> soil organic matter=bulk density> electrical conductivity; Thus the important factors for wheat yield were available N, available P, available K. All these results can serve as a basis for precision fertilization, precision irrigation and precision management in farm.更多还原